k = isoentropic exponent

Kufunika kwa k kwa valavu yachitetezo

yolembedwa ndi Alessandro Ruzza

by Rentato Pintabona ndi Panio Colacicco

Kukula kwa mavavu otetezera opangidwa kuti azitulutsa mpweya kapena nthunzi, malinga ndi lspesl Collection "E", kumafuna kudziwa za isoentropic exponent k pakutulutsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mosasamala kwa lspesl Collection "E" chaputala "E.1", ponena za kukula kwa mavavu otetezera, kungayambitse kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu ya kutuluka kwa ma valve ndi ma disk ophulika.

Nkhaniyi imapereka malangizo oti muyerekezere mtengo wa k kwa mpweya weniweni ndi
ikuwonetsa cholakwikacho poganizira k wofanana ndi chiyerekezo cha kutentha kwapadera Cp/Cv

Cholakwika choyamba komanso chachikulu chomwe chiyenera kupewedwa ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito fomula mu Collection 'E', yovomerezeka pamagasi kapena nthunzi, nthawi zomwe kutulutsidwa kwa magawo awiri madzi ndi mpweya / nthunzi zimachitika. Zikatero, kwenikweni, ma diameter owerengeredwa mosakayikira adzakhala ochepa poyerekeza ndi kufunikira kwenikweni.

Cholakwika chachiwiri, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatha kuyambitsa kuchepetsa dongosolo la chitetezo, ndikupereka isoentropic exponent k mtengo wa chiŵerengero cha Cp/Cv. Ngakhale kuti mfundo yoyamba idzakhala nkhani ya mndandanda wa nkhani zotsatila, apa tikufuna kupereka malangizo othandiza powerengera isoentropic exponent ndikuwonetsa, muzochitika zenizeni, kukula kwa cholakwika chomwe chingapangidwe.

Isoentropic kutuluka kudzera mu nozzle

Formula [1] zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu "E", komanso m'Chitaliyana china [2] ndi achilendo [3] standma ards, powerengera ma valve otetezera omwe amayenera kutulutsa mpweya kapena nthunzi, ndiye kutuluka kwa isoentropic kudzera pamphuno pansi pazifukwa zovuta kwambiri, zomwe mpweya wabwino ndi:

ku expansipa coefficient C amaperekedwa ndi:

pokhala k chiwonetsero cha isoentropic expansipa equation:

Mafuta	P1 (bar)	T1 (°C)	q (kg/h)	q (kg/h)	(q/q) x 100
Methane	12	50	1472	1466	100.4
Methane	23	200	2314	2267	102.1
Zamwano	12	100	2261	2181	103.7
Hexane	12	178	3099	2740	113.1
Hexane	23	220	6519	5111	127.5
Heptane	12	215	3232	2821	114.4

q'= mlingo wotuluka wowerengedwa ndi k = Cp/Cv (20 °C, 1 atm)
q = chiwongola dzanja chowerengedwa ndi k = (Cp/Cv) • (Z/Zp)

Poyambitsa kuyesa koyezera k Kutuluka kwa valavu yachitetezo, yomwe padziko lonse lapansi imawona momwe valavu ikuyendera, chitetezo cha 0.9 ndi compressibility factor Z₁ pamadzi enieni, timafika pakupangidwa kwa "E":

(1) [1]

The isoentropic exponent k akhoza kufotokozedwa motere:

[2]

Kwa mpweya wabwino, zomwe P x V / R x T = 1 , zikusonyezedwa kuti k ndi ofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha Cp/Cv pakati pa kutentha kwapadera pa kupanikizika kosalekeza ndi voliyumu.

Kwa gasi weniweni, k akhoza kufotokozedwa (onani Zowonjezera B) ndi:

[3]

pomwe Z ndiye chinthu chophatikizika chofotokozedwa ndi Z=P x V / R x T ndipo Zp ndi "derived compressibility factor". Mukamagwiritsa ntchito fomula [3], molingana ndi kusonkhanitsa "E", miyeso ya Cp/Cv, Z ndi Zp iyenera kuwunikiridwa pakutulutsa P.₁ ndi T₁.

Chomwe chimachokera ku compressibility factor Zp chimatanthauzidwa mu formula [4] monga:

The compressibility factor Z ikhoza kufotokozedwa motere:

[4]

ndipo mofananamo, akhoza kufotokozedwa motere:

[5]

pomwe makonda a Z^0, Z^1, Zp^0, Zp^1 alembedwa mu Zowonjezera A monga ntchito ya Pr ndi Tr.

In [4] ndi [5], Ω ndi Pitzer's acentric factor yotanthauzidwa ndi:

[10]

Kumene Pr^SAT ndiko kutsika kwa nthunzi kumagwirizana ndi kutentha kwatsika Tr=T/Tc=0,7. Zowonjezera A zikuwonetsa Ω mayendedwe amadzi ena. Z e Zp imathanso kutengedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku analytical equation of state.

Chitsanzo cha manambala

Kutembenukira ku chitsanzo cha manambala, tiyerekeze kuti tikufunika kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa valve yotetezera pansi pazifukwa izi:

Mafuta		n-Butano
Thupi lathupi		mpweya wotentha kwambiri
Maselo a maselo	M	58,119
Khazikitsani kukakamiza	P	19,78 bar
Kupanikizika kwambiri		10%
Kutentha kwamadzi	T	400 K
Efflux coefficient		0,9
Orifice diameter	Do	100 mamilimita

kuthamanga kwa magazi kumaperekedwa ndi:

kukhala kwa n-Butane: Tc=425,18 K ndi Pc=37,96 bar, tili ndi:

ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matebulo mu Zowonjezera A, tili ndi:

Podziwa kuchuluka kwake kwa nthunzi pamikhalidwe yotulutsa (P1, T1) yofanana ndi 0,01634 m^3/kg (0,0009498 m^3/g-mole), titha kuwerengeranso Z kuchokera pa:

Poganizira chiŵerengero cha kutentha kwapadera pa kupanikizika kosalekeza ndi voliyumu, panthawi yotulutsa (P₁, T₁), wofanana ndi 1,36, kuchokera ku formula [3] tili ndi:

147060

Kugwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo [1], ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwakuyenda

Kugwiritsa ntchito fomula [1], yomwe idathetsedwa powerengera kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, tili ndi mtengo wotuluka wotuluka 147.060 kg / h.

174848

Kugwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo [1], pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa Cp/Cv pa 1 atm ndi 20 °C

M'malo mwake tikanagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa Cp/Cv pa 1 atm ndi 20 °C, tikadakhala nawo. k = 1,19 ndi ndi ku formula [1] mlingo wotuluka wa 174.848 kg / h.

Izi zikanatitsogolera ku kuchulukitsa kutulutsa mphamvu ya valve yotetezera pozungulira 19%

Chenjezo:

Cholakwika chomwe chingapangidwe popereka mtengo wa Cp/Cv ku k ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chitsanzo ichi.

POPANDA 20%

Kuti mupereke lingaliro, tebulo lotsatirali likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma 18-mm orifice kwa ma hydrocarbons ena odzaza, owerengedwa muzochitika ziwirizi. Kuwerengera kunachitika ndi makamaka developed Software.

Mafuta	P1 (bar)	T1 (°C)	q (kg/h)	q (kg/h)	(q/q) x 100
Methane	12	50	1472	1466	100.4
Methane	23	200	2314	2267	102.1
Zamwano	12	100	2261	2181	103.7
Hexane	12	178	3099	2740	113.1
Hexane	23	220	6519	5111	127.5
Heptane	12	215	3232	2821	114.4

Pulogalamuyi sigwiritsa ntchito mafomu [4] [5] koma, kuyambira kusinthidwa Redlich ndi Kwong equation of State, imawerengetsera mtengo wa isoentropic exponent pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa thermodynamic.

Kufunika kwa isoentropic exponent k kwa mavavu otetezeka

k = isoentropic exponent

Kufunika kwa k kwa valavu yachitetezo

yolembedwa ndi Alessandro Ruzza

by Rentato Pintabona ndi Panio Colacicco

Nkhaniyi imapereka malangizo oti muyerekezere mtengo wa k kwa mpweya weniweni ndi
ikuwonetsa cholakwikacho poganizira k wofanana ndi chiyerekezo cha kutentha kwapadera Cp/Cv

Isoentropic kutuluka kudzera mu nozzle

q'= mlingo wotuluka wowerengedwa ndi k = Cp/Cv (20 °C, 1 atm)
q = chiwongola dzanja chowerengedwa ndi k = (Cp/Cv) • (Z/Zp)

Chitsanzo cha manambala

147060

Kugwiritsa ntchito fomula [1], yomwe idathetsedwa powerengera kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, tili ndi mtengo wotuluka wotuluka 147.060 kg / h.

174848

M'malo mwake tikanagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa Cp/Cv pa 1 atm ndi 20 °C, tikadakhala nawo. k = 1,19 ndi ndi ku formula [1] mlingo wotuluka wa 174.848 kg / h.

Izi zikanatitsogolera ku kuchulukitsa kutulutsa mphamvu ya valve yotetezera pozungulira 19%

Chenjezo:

Cholakwika chomwe chingapangidwe popereka mtengo wa Cp/Cv ku k ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chitsanzo ichi.

POPANDA 20%

Zowonjezera A ndi B
kuchokera ku ma formula

Partner

Kufunika kwa isoentropic exponent k kwa mavavu otetezeka

k = isoentropic exponent

Kufunika kwa k kwa valavu yachitetezo

yolembedwa ndi Alessandro Ruzza

by Rentato Pintabona ndi Panio Colacicco

Nkhaniyi imapereka malangizo oti muyerekezere mtengo wa k kwa mpweya weniweni ndi ikuwonetsa cholakwikacho poganizira k wofanana ndi chiyerekezo cha kutentha kwapadera Cp/Cv

Isoentropic kutuluka kudzera mu nozzle

q'= mlingo wotuluka wowerengedwa ndi k = Cp/Cv (20 °C, 1 atm) q = chiwongola dzanja chowerengedwa ndi k = (Cp/Cv) • (Z/Zp)

Chitsanzo cha manambala

147060

Kugwiritsa ntchito fomula [1], yomwe idathetsedwa powerengera kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, tili ndi mtengo wotuluka wotuluka 147.060 kg / h.

174848

M'malo mwake tikanagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa Cp/Cv pa 1 atm ndi 20 °C, tikadakhala nawo. k = 1,19 ndi ndi ku formula [1] mlingo wotuluka wa 174.848 kg / h.

Izi zikanatitsogolera ku kuchulukitsa kutulutsa mphamvu ya valve yotetezera pozungulira 19%

Chenjezo:

Cholakwika chomwe chingapangidwe popereka mtengo wa Cp/Cv ku k ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chitsanzo ichi.

POPANDA 20%

Zowonjezera A ndi B kuchokera ku ma formula

Analangizidwa Kwa Inu

Ma Vavu Otetezedwa pa Ntchito za Hydrogen

Kodi valavu yothandizira chitetezo ndi chiyani?

Migwirizano ndi matanthauzidwe

Partner

Nkhaniyi imapereka malangizo oti muyerekezere mtengo wa k kwa mpweya weniweni ndi
ikuwonetsa cholakwikacho poganizira k wofanana ndi chiyerekezo cha kutentha kwapadera Cp/Cv

q'= mlingo wotuluka wowerengedwa ndi k = Cp/Cv (20 °C, 1 atm)
q = chiwongola dzanja chowerengedwa ndi k = (Cp/Cv) • (Z/Zp)

Zowonjezera A ndi B
kuchokera ku ma formula