De viskositeit fan in floeistof is in mjitte fan har ferset tsjin stream.
It is in eigenskip fan 'e floeistof dy't de hoemannichte krêft bepaalt dy't nedich is om it te ferpleatsen. Hoe heger de viskositeit, hoe mear krêft is nedich om de floeistof te ferpleatsen.
De viskositeit fan in floeistof wurdt beynfloede troch syn temperatuer. Hoe waarmer de floeistof, hoe leger de viskositeit. Hoe kâlder de floeistof, hoe heger de viskositeit.
De viskositeit fan in floeistof wurdt ek beynfloede troch syn druk. Hoe heger de druk, hoe heger de viskositeit fan de floeistof.
De viskositeit fan in floeistof kin wurde mjitten mei in viskosimeter. In viskosimeter is in apparaat dat de wjerstân fan in floeistof mjit om te streamen. De viskositeit fan in floeistof is in wichtige eigenskip yn in protte tapassingen. Bygelyks, de viskositeit fan in floeistof kin brûkt wurde om bepale de hoemannichte krêft nedich om it troch in piip te ferpleatsen.
Viskositeit is yn 'e natuerkunde ien fan 'e eigenskippen fan matearje wêrby't de beweging fan molekulen mei respekt foar omlizzende molekulen, troch yntermolekulêre krêften, in wjerstânskrêft tsjinkomt: yn fêste stoffen is it it heechst, mar it leechst yn floeistoffen en gassen. As wy in frjemd lichem ûnderdompelje yn 'e floeistof dy't beskôge wurdt, sil it in wjerstân tsjinkomme wêrfan de sterkte ferskilt ôfhinklik fan' e graad fan viskositeit fan 'e floeistof.
Melasse hat bygelyks in hegere viskositeit as wetter, om't it mear resistint is foar streaming.
D'r binne in protte metoaden dy't jo brûke kinne om de viskositeit fan in floeistof te mjitten, de maklikste en meast rjochtlinige is om in bol fan in bepaalde diameter yn in transparante kontener te fallen mei de floeistof wêrfan de viskositeit men besiket te bepalen.
ATTENTION: it wjersidige fan viskositeit wurdt fluiditeit neamd, in mjitte fan glêdens.
Viskositeit is in wichtige faktor by it bepalen fan de krêften dy't moatte oerwinne as floeistoffen wurde brûkt foar smering en ferfierd yn pipen. It sil dêrom wichtich wêze foar ús om ûnderstand hokker soarte fan floeistof de Besa® fentyl sil wurkje mei, as de wriuwing tusken de muorren fan in piip en de floeistof streamt troch it beynfloedet de fentyl syn discharge prestaasjes.
It kontrolearret de floeistofstream yn processes lykas spuiten, spuitgieten en oerflak coating.
Dynamyske viskositeit
Lit ús beskôgje twa fleantugen, skieden troch in floeistof (temperatuer kontrolearre) en parallel oan each oare, ien stasjonêr en de oare ûnderwurpen oan in krêft dy't triuwt / lûkt it parallel oan it oare fleantúch.
Ofhinklik fan 'e floeistof dy't wy brûke om de twa fleantugen te skieden, en altyd deselde krêft tapasse om ien fan' e twa fleantugen te ferpleatsen, sille wy fine dat de snelheid fan it fleantúch fariearret ôfhinklik fan de floeistof dy't wy hawwe keazen.
Algemien hawwe wy:
A (m^2) = gebiet fan de parallelle fleantugen
y (m) = ôfstân tusken de twa fleantugen
F (N) = krêft tapast op it bewegende fleantúch
u (m/s^2) = snelheid fan it bewegende fleantúch
τ = tangensiale krêft
De tangentiale krêft sil omkeard evenredich wêze mei de ôfstân tusken de twa fleantugen en direkt evenredich mei de snelheid.
It ynfieren fan 'e snelheidsterm makket dingen komplisearre, om't allinich teoretysk de fariaasje yn snelheid lineêr is.
Ienheden fan mjitte
Yn it ynternasjonale systeem wurdt viskositeit mjitten yn pascals (Pa s) dat lykweardich is oan in poiseuille (PI), soms foar smeeroliën wurdt ek it CGS-systeem brûkt, dat wol sizze centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
Kinematyske viskositeit: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| Floeistof | Temperatuer (ºF) | Temperatuer (ºC) | Kinematyske viskositeit CentiStokes (cSt) | Kinematyske viskositeit Sekonden Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| Azijnzuur - jittik - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| Azijnzuur - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| Azijnzuur - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| Acetic acid - konsintrearre glacial | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| Azijnzuuranhydride (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Acetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Alkohol - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Alkohol - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 kpk | |
| Alkohol - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Alkohol - etyl (nôt) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Alkohol - etyl (nôt) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Alkohol - methyl (hout) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Alkohol - methyl (hout) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Alkohol - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Alkohol - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Aluminium sulfate - 36% oplossing | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| Ammoniak | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| aniline | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| aniline | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| Asfalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| Asfalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| Automatysk crankcase oalje | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-max | 6M-max |
| SAE 10 W. | ||||
| Automatysk crankcase oalje | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10 W. | ||||
| Automatysk crankcase oalje | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20 W. | ||||
| Automatysk crankcase oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| SAE 20 | ||||
| Automatysk crankcase oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| SAE 30 | ||||
| Automatysk crankcase oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| SAE 40 | ||||
| Automatysk crankcase oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| SAE 50 | ||||
| Automotive gear oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75 W. | ||||
| Automotive gear oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80 W. | ||||
| Automotive gear oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85 W. | ||||
| Automotive gear oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90 W. | ||||
| Automotive gear oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| SAE 140 | ||||
| Automotive gear oalje | 210 | 98.9 | 43 - min | 200 min |
| SAE150 | ||||
| Bier | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| Benzeen (benzol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| Benzeen (benzol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| Bone oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| Bone oalje | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| bromine | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| Butyric acid n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| Butyric acid n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 kpk | |
| Calcium chloride 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| Calcium chloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| Carbolic acid (fenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| Carbolic acid (fenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 kpk | |
| Koalstoftetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Koalstoftetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Koalstofdisulfide CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Koalstofdisulfide CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| Castor oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| Castor oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| Sina hout oalje | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| Sina hout oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| Chloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| Chloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Kokosnussoal | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Kokosnussoal | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| Kabeljau oalje (fisk oalje) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| Kabeljau oalje (fisk oalje) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Maïsoalje | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Maïsoalje | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Maïszetmeel oplossing | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Bauke | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Maïszetmeel oplossing | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Bauke | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Maïszetmeel oplossing | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Bauke | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| Katoen sied oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| Katoen sied oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| Ruwe oalje 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| Ruwe oalje 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| Ruwe oalje 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| Ruwe oalje 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| Ruwe oalje 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Ruwe oalje 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| Ruwe oalje 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| Ruwe oalje 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| Diethyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| Diethyl eter | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| Diesel brânstof 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| Diesel brânstof 20 | 130 | 54.4 | 1-3.97 | -39 |
| Diesel brânstof 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| Diesel brânstof 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| Diesel brânstof 40 | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 max | 140 max |
| Diesel brânstof 40 | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 max | 70 max |
| Diesel brânstof 60 | 122 | 50 | 86.6 max | 400 max |
| Diesel brânstof 60 | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 max | 165 max |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| Ethylbromide C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Ethyleenbromide | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Ethyleenchloride | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| Etylenglycol | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Mienzuur 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| Mienzuur 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Mienzuur 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid konsintrearre | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid konsintrearre | 77 | 25 | 1.57 cp | |
| Freon -11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon -12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon -21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furfurol | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furfurol | 77 | 25 | 1.49 cp | |
| Fuel oalje 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| Fuel oalje 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| Fuel oalje 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| Fuel oalje 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| Fuel oalje 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| Fuel oalje 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| Fuel oalje 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| Fuel oalje 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| Fuel oalje 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| Fuel oalje 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| Fuel oalje 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| Fuel oalje 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| Gas oaljes | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| Gas oaljes | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| Benzine a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| Benzine a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| Benzin b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| Benzin b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| benzine c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| benzine c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| Glycerine 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| Glycerine 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| Glycerine 50% wetter | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| Glycerine 50% wetter | 140 | 60 | 1.85 kpk | |
| Glucose | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| Glucose | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Heksaan-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Heksaan-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| Huning | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| Inkt, printers | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| Inkt, printers | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| Isolearjende oalje | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 max | 115 max |
| Isolearjende oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 max | 65 max |
| kerosine | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Jet-Fuel | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Lard | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Lard | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Lard oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Lard oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Linseed oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Linseed oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Mercury | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Mercury | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| Methylacetat | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| Methylacetat | 104 | 40 | 0.32 kpk | |
| Methyljodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Methyljodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42 kpk | |
| Menhaden oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| Menhaden oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Molke | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Melasse A, earst | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| Melasse A, earst | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, twadde | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, twadde | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, swarte riem | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, swarte riem | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| Naftaleen | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| Naftaleen | 212 | 100 | 0.78 kpk | |
| Neatstool oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| Neatstool oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Nitrobenzen | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| None-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| None-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Oktaan-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Oktaan-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| Oliifoalje | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| Oliifoalje | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| Palm oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| Palm oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Peanut oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Peanut oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| Pentane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| Pentane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| petrolatum | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| petrolatum | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Petroleum ether | 60 | 15.6 | 31 (est) | 1.1 |
| Propionzuur | 32 | 0 | 1.52 kpk | 31.5 |
| Propionzuur | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| Propyleenglycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| Fêste oalje | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Raapsoalje | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Raapsoalje | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| Rosin oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| Rosin oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Rosin (hout) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Rosin (hout) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Sesame sied oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Sesame sied oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| Natriumchloride 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| Natriumchloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Natriumhydroxide (kaustyske soda) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Natriumhydroxide (kaustyske soda) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Natriumhydroxide (kaustyske soda) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| Soja oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| Soja oalje | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| Sperma oalje | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| Sperma oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| Sulfuric acid 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| Sulfuric acid 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 kpk | |
| Sulfuric acid 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| Sulfuric acid 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| Sulfuric acid 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| Sulfuric acid 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tar, coke oven | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tar, coke oven | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Tar, gashûs | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Tar, gashûs | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Tar, pine | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Tar, pine | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 kpk | |
| Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
| Terpentyn | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| Terpentyn | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Fernis, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Fernis, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Wetter, destillearre | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Wetter, farsk | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Wetter, farsk | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Wetter, see | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| Walfisk oalje | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| Walfisk oalje | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 kpk |
