I-viscosity yolwelo ngumlinganiselo walo ukumelana nokuhamba.
Yipropathi yolwelo olumisela ubungakanani bamandla afunekayo ukuyihambisa. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, amandla amaninzi afunekayo ukuhambisa ulwelo.
I-viscosity yolwelo ichaphazeleka bubushushu bayo. Ukufudumala kolwelo, kokukhona kusezantsi i-viscosity yayo. Okukhona ulwelo lubanda ngakumbi, kokukhona luphezulu i-viscosity yalo.
I-viscosity yolwelo nayo ichatshazelwa luxinzelelo lwayo. Okukhona uxinzelelo luphezulu, kokukhona iphezulu i-viscosity yolwelo.
I-viscosity yolwelo inokulinganiswa nge-viscometer. I-viscometer sisixhobo esilinganisa ukuxhathisa kolwelo ukuhamba. I-viscosity yolwelo yipropati ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-viscosity yolwelo ingasetyenziselwa misela inani lamandla afunekayo ukuyihambisa ngombhobho.
I-Viscosity kwifiziksi yenye yeepropathi zemiba apho intshukumo yeemolekyuli ngokubhekiselele kwiimolekyuli ezijikelezileyo zidibana, ngenxa yamandla e-intermolecular, amandla axhathisayo: kwizinto eziqinileyo ziphezulu, kodwa ziphantsi kulwelo kunye neegesi. Ukuba sintywilisela umzimba wasemzini kulwelo oluqwalaselwayo, uya kudibana noxhathiso omandla ayo ahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo le-viscosity yolwelo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Molasses ine-viscosity ephezulu kunamanzi ngenxa yokuba iyakwazi ukumelana nokuhamba.
Zininzi iindlela umntu anokuzisebenzisa ukulinganisa i-viscosity yolwelo, eyona ilula nelula kakhulu kukuwisa ingqukuva yedayamitha ethile kwisikhongozelo esiselubala esinolwelo oluthi umntu azame ukumisela i-viscosity.
QAPHELA: i-reciprocal of viscosity ibizwa ngokuba yi-fluidity, umlinganiselo wokuguda.
I-Viscosity yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni amandla okufuneka anqobe xa ulwelo lusetyenziselwa ukuthambisa kunye nokuthuthwa kwimibhobho. Kuya kuba kubalulekile ke kuthi ukuba phantsistand luhlobo luni lolwelo BesaIvalve ® iya kusebenza nayo, njengoko ukukhuhlana phakathi kweendonga zombhobho kunye nolwelo oluhamba kuyo kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwevalve yokukhupha.
Ilawula ukungena kwamanzi processizinto ezifana nokutshiza, ukubumba inaliti kunye nokugquma komhlaba.
I-viscosity enamandla
Makhe siqwalasele iinqwelomoya ezimbini, ezahlulwe ngolwelo (iqondo lobushushu elilawulwayo) kwaye zingqamene nayo each enye, enye imile kwaye enye iphantsi kwamandla ayityhalayo/iyitsale ngokungqamene nenye inqwelo-moya.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-fluid esiyisebenzisayo ukwahlula iindiza ezimbini, kwaye rhoqo sisebenzisa amandla afanayo ukuhambisa enye yeenqwelo-moya ezimbini, siya kufumanisa ukuba isantya senqwelomoya siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumanzi esiwukhethileyo.
Ukwenziwa ngokubanzi sinakho:
A (m^2)= indawo yeendiza ezihambelanayo
y (m)= umgama phakathi kwezi nqwelo-moya zimbini
F (N)= amandla asetyenziswa kwinqwelo-moya ehambayo
u (m/s^2)= isantya senqwelomoya ehambayo
τ = amandla e-tangential
Amandla e-tangential aya kuhambelana ngokungafaniyo nomgama phakathi kweenqwelo-moya ezimbini kunye nokulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo kwisantya.
Ukwazisa igama lesantya kuzenza nzima izinto, kuba ngokwethiyori kuphela ukwahluka kumgca wesantya.
Iiyunithi zomlinganiselo
Kwinkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe i-viscosity ilinganiswa pascals (Pa s) elilingana ne-poiseuille (PI), ngamanye amaxesha kwii-oyile zokuthambisa inkqubo yeCGS nayo iyasetyenziswa, okt centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
I-Kinematic Viscosity: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| Utywala | Iqondo lobushushu (ºF) | Ubushushu (ºC) | I-Kinematic Viscosity I-CentiStokes (cSt) | I-Kinematic Viscosity Imizuzwana ye-Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| I-Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| I-acetic acid - iviniga - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| I-acetic acid - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| I-acetic acid - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| I-acetic acid - i-glacial egxininisiweyo | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| I-acetic acid anhydride (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Iacetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Utywala - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Utywala - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 pc | |
| Utywala - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Utywala - ethyl (grain) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Utywala - ethyl (grain) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Utywala - i-methyl (umthi) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Utywala - i-methyl (umthi) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Utywala - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Utywala - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| I-aluminium sulfate - isisombululo se-36%. | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| Amoniya | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| I-Aniline | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| I-Aniline | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| I-asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| I-asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| Ioli ye-crankcase ezenzekelayo | 0 | -17.8 | Ubukhulu obungama-1295 | 6M-ubuninzi |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Ioli ye-crankcase ezenzekelayo | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Ioli ye-crankcase ezenzekelayo | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20W | ||||
| Ioli ye-crankcase ezenzekelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| I-SAE 20 | ||||
| Ioli ye-crankcase ezenzekelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| I-SAE 30 | ||||
| Ioli ye-crankcase ezenzekelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| I-SAE 40 | ||||
| Ioli ye-crankcase ezenzekelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| I-SAE 50 | ||||
| Ioyile yeemoto zeemoto | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75W | ||||
| Ioyile yeemoto zeemoto | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80W | ||||
| Ioyile yeemoto zeemoto | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85W | ||||
| Ioyile yeemoto zeemoto | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90W | ||||
| Ioyile yeemoto zeemoto | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| I-SAE 140 | ||||
| Ioyile yeemoto zeemoto | 210 | 98.9 | 43 - imiz | 200 min |
| I-SAE150 | ||||
| Ibhiya | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| I-Benzol (i-Benzol) i-C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| I-Benzol (i-Benzol) i-C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| Ioli yethambo | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| Ioli yethambo | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| Ibromine | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| Butyric acid n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| Butyric acid n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 pc | |
| Icalcium chloride 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| Icalcium chloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| Carbolic acid (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| Carbolic acid (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 pc | |
| Ikhabhon tetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Ikhabhon tetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Ikhabhoni disulfide CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Ikhabhoni disulfide CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| icastor oyile | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| icastor oyile | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| China ioli yeenkuni | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| China ioli yeenkuni | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| IChloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| IChloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Ikhokoni yeoli | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Ikhokoni yeoli | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| I-oyile ye-cod (ioli yentlanzi) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| I-oyile ye-cod (ioli yentlanzi) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Ioli yombona | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Ioli yombona | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Isisombululo sesitatshi sombona | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Isisombululo sesitatshi sombona | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Isisombululo sesitatshi sombona | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| Ioli yembewu yomqhaphu | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| Ioli yembewu yomqhaphu | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| Ioyile ekrwada 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| I-Diethyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| I-Diethyl ether | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| Amafutha edizili 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| Amafutha edizili 20 | 130 | 54.4 | Umnxeba | -39 |
| Amafutha edizili 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| Amafutha edizili 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| Amafutha edizili 40 | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 max | 140 max |
| Amafutha edizili 40 | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 max | 70 max |
| Amafutha edizili 60 | 122 | 50 | 86.6 max | 400 max |
| Amafutha edizili 60 | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 max | 165 max |
| I-Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| I-Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| I-Ethyl bromide C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Ethylene bromide | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Ethylene chloride | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| I-ethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Formic acid 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| Formic acid 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Formic acid 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid igxininiswe | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid igxininiswe | 77 | 25 | 1.57p | |
| Freon -11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon -12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon -21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49p | |
| I-oyile yesibaso 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| I-oyile yesibaso 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| I-oyile yesibaso 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| I-oyile yesibaso 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| I-oyile yesibaso 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| I-oyile yesibaso 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| Ioyile yamafutha 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| Ioyile yamafutha 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| I-oyile yamafutha 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| I-oyile yamafutha 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| I-oyile yesibaso 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| I-oyile yesibaso 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| Iioli zerhasi | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| Iioli zerhasi | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| Ipetroli a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| Ipetroli a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| Ipetroli b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| Ipetroli b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| Ipetroli c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| Ipetroli c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| IGlycerin 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| IGlycerin 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| I-Glycerin i-50% yamanzi | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| I-Glycerin i-50% yamanzi | 140 | 60 | 1.85 pc | |
| I-glucose | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| I-glucose | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptanes-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptanes-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Hexane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Hexane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| Ubusi | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| I-inki, abashicileli | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| I-inki, abashicileli | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| Ioli yokugquma | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 max | 115 max |
| Ioli yokugquma | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 max | 65 max |
| separafini | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Ijet Fuel | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Lard | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Lard | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Ioli yamafutha | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Ioli yamafutha | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Ioyile engagalelwanga | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Ioyile engagalelwanga | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Mercury | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Mercury | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| I-methyl acetate | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| I-methyl acetate | 104 | 40 | 0.32 pc | |
| Imethyl iodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Imethyl iodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42 pc | |
| Ioli ye-Menhaden | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| Ioli ye-Menhaden | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Ubisi | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| uMolasses A, kuqala | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| uMolasses A, kuqala | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, okwesibini | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, okwesibini | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, umtya omnyama | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, umtya omnyama | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| iNaphthalene | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| iNaphthalene | 212 | 100 | 0.78 pc | |
| Ioli yeNeatstool | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| Ioli yeNeatstool | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| I-Nitrobenzene | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| Nonane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| Nonane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Octane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Octane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| I-oyile ye-olivu | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| I-oyile ye-olivu | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| Ioli yesundu | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| Ioli yesundu | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Ioli yePeanut | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Ioli yePeanut | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| I-Pentane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| I-Pentane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| i-petrolatum | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| i-petrolatum | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Ipetroleum ether | 60 | 15.6 | 31(est) | 1.1 |
| Ipropionic acid | 32 | 0 | 1.52 pc | 31.5 |
| Ipropionic acid | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| Ipropylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| Ioli yokucima | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Ioyile ekhutshiwe | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Ioyile ekhutshiwe | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| Ioli yeRosin | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| Ioli yeRosin | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Irosin (umthi) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Irosin (umthi) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Ioli yeesame | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Ioli yeesame | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| Isodium chloride 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| Isodium chloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Isodium hydroxide (caustic soda) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Isodium hydroxide (caustic soda) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Isodium hydroxide (caustic soda) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| I-oyile yembotyi yesoya | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| I-oyile yembotyi yesoya | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| Ioli yesidoda | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| Ioli yesidoda | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| Iasidi yesulfuric 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| Iasidi yesulfuric 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 pc | |
| Iasidi yesulfuric 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| Iasidi yesulfuric 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| Iasidi yesulfuric 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| Iasidi yesulfuric 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tar, i-oven ye-coke | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tar, i-oven ye-coke | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Itha, indlu yegesi | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Itha, indlu yegesi | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Itha, ipayini | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Itha, ipayini | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| iToluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| iToluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 pc | |
| I-Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| I-Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
| I-Turpentine | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| I-Turpentine | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Varnish, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Varnish, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Amanzi, adibeneyo | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Amanzi, amatsha | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Amanzi, amatsha | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Amanzi, ulwandle | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| Ioli yomnenga | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| Ioli yomnenga | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 pc |
