E lele i ka papa kuhikuhiE maʻiʻo

ʻO ka viscosity o ka wai ke ana o kona kū'ē i ke kahe.

He waiwai ia o ka wai e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ka ikaika e pono ai e hoʻoneʻe. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka viscosity o ka wai e kona wela. ʻO ka mahanahana o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona viscosity. ʻO ke anuanu o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona viscosity.
Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka viscosity o ka wai e kona kaomi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity o ka wai.

Hiki ke ana i ka viscosity o ka wai me ka viscometer. ʻO ka viscometer kahi mea hana e ana i ke kūʻē o kahi wai e kahe. He waiwai koʻikoʻi ka viscosity o ka wai i nā noi he nui. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka viscosity o kahi wai e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka ikaika e hoʻoneʻe ai ma o ka paipu.

ʻO ka viscosity ma ka physics kekahi o nā waiwai o ka mea e hui ai ka neʻe ʻana o nā molekala e pili ana i nā molekala a puni, ma muli o nā pūʻali intermolecular, he ikaika kūpaʻa: i loko o nā paʻa he kiʻekiʻe loa, akā haʻahaʻa loa i nā wai a me nā kinoea. Inā mākou e hoʻokomo i kahi kino ʻē i loko o ka wai e noʻonoʻo ʻia nei, e loaʻa iā ia kahi kū'ē i ʻokoʻa kona ikaika ma muli o ke degere o ka viscosity o ka wai.
ʻO ka molasses, no ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka viscosity ma mua o ka wai no ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke kahe.
Nui nā ʻano hana e ana i ka viscosity o ka wai, ʻo ka maʻalahi a pololei loa ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kahi pōʻai o kekahi anawaena i loko o kahi pahu aniani i loko o ka wai e hoʻāʻo nei ka viscosity e hoʻoholo.

NĀ MEA: kapa ʻia ka pānaʻi o ka viscosity he fluidity, kahi ana o ka maʻalahi.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka viscosity i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ikaika e lanakila ai ke hoʻohana ʻia nā wai no ka lubrication a lawe ʻia i loko o nā paipu. No laila, he mea nui ia iā mākou e lalostand he aha ke ʻano o ka wai BesaE hana pū ana ka valve ®, no ka mea, ʻo ke kuʻi ʻana ma waena o nā paia o ka paipu a me ka wai e kahe ana ma ia mea e pili ana i ka hana hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pahu.

Mālama ia i ke kahe wai i loko processnā mea e like me ke kāpīpī ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili.

Viscosities

ʻO ka viscosity ikaika

E noʻonoʻo kākou i ʻelua mokulele, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi wai (ka hoʻomalu ʻia ka wela) a me ka like each kekahi, hoʻokahi paʻa a kau ʻia kekahi i ka ikaika e hoʻokuke/huki ana iā ia e like me ka mokulele ʻē aʻe.
Ma muli o ka wai a mākou e hoʻohana ai e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mokulele ʻelua, a me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka ikaika like e hoʻoneʻe ai i kekahi o nā mokulele ʻelua, e ʻike mākou he ʻokoʻa ka wikiwiki o ka mokulele ma muli o ka wai a mākou i koho ai.

Generalizing loaʻa iā mākou:

A (m^2)= wahi o na mokulele like
y (m)= ka mamao ma waena o nā mokulele ʻelua
F (N)= ikaika i pili i ka mokulele e neʻe ana
u (m/s^2)= ka wikiwiki o ka mokulele e neʻe ana
τ = ikaika pili

E pili ana ka ikaika tangential i ka mamao ma waena o nā mokulele ʻelua a pili pono i ka wikiwiki.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo velocity e paʻakikī i nā mea, no ka mea, ʻo ka theoretically wale nō ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka laina laina.

Unite o ke ana

Ma ka ʻōnaehana honua ua ana ʻia ka viscosity ma pascals (Pa s) i like me ka poiseuille (PI), i kekahi manawa no ka aila lubricating hoʻohana pū ʻia ka ʻōnaehana CGS, ʻo ia hoʻi ke centipoise (cP)

1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI

Kinematic Viscosity: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s

LiquidMahana (ºF)Mahana (ºC)Kinematic Viscosity
CentiStokes (cSt)
Kinematic Viscosity
Kekona Saybolt Universal (SSU)
Acetaldehyde CH3CHO 6116.10.30536
Acetaldehyde CH3CHO 68200.295
Acetic acid - vīnega - 10% CH3COOH 59151.3531.7
Acetic acid - 50% 59152.2733
Acetic acid - 80% 59152.8535
Acetic acid - ka hau hau 59151.3431.7
Acetic acid anhydride (CH3COO)2O 59150.88
Acetone CH3COCH3 68200.41
Waiʻona - allyl 68201.6031.8
Waiʻona - allyl 104400.90 pahu leo
Waiʻona - butyl-n 68203.6438
Waiʻona - ethyl (palaoa) C2H5OH 68201.5231.7
Waiʻona - ethyl (palaoa) C2H5OH 10037.81.231.5
Waiʻona - methyl (lāʻau) CH3OH 59150.74
Waiʻona - methyl (lāʻau) CH3OH 3201.04
Waiʻona - propyl 68202.835
Waiʻona - propyl 122501.431.7
Aluminum sulfate - 36% solution 68201.4131.7
Amona 0-17.80.30
aniline 68204.3740
aniline 50106.446.4
Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 7725159-324737-1.5M
Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 10037.860-108280-500
ʻAila pahu pahu ʻakomi0-17.81295-max6M-nui
SAE 10W
ʻAila pahu pahu ʻakomi0-17.81295-25906M-12M
SAE 10W
ʻAila pahu pahu ʻakomi0-17.82590-1035012M-48M
SAE 20W
ʻAila pahu pahu ʻakomi21098.95.7-9.645-58
SAE 20
ʻAila pahu pahu ʻakomi21098.99.6-12.958-70
SAE 30
ʻAila pahu pahu ʻakomi21098.912.9-16.870-85
SAE 40
ʻAila pahu pahu ʻakomi21098.916.8-22.785-110
SAE 50
ʻaila ʻaila kaʻa21098.94.2 min40 min
SAE 75W
ʻaila ʻaila kaʻa21098.97.0 min49 min
SAE 80W
ʻaila ʻaila kaʻa21098.911.0 min63 min
SAE 85W
ʻaila ʻaila kaʻa21098.914-2574-120
SAE 90W
ʻaila ʻaila kaʻa21098.925-43120-200
SAE 140
ʻaila ʻaila kaʻa21098.943 - min200 min
SAE150
Beer68201.832
Benzene (Benzol) C6H63201.031
Benzene (Benzol) C6H668200.74
ʻAila iwi13054.447.5220
ʻAila iwi21210011.665
Bromine68200.34
Butane-n-50-1.10.52
Butane-n300.35
ʻAka Butyric n68201.6131.6
ʻAka Butyric n3202.3 pahu leo
Kalsium klorida 5%6518.31156
Kalsium klorida 25%6015.64.039
ʻAakika Carbolic (phenol)6518.311.8365
ʻAakika Carbolic (phenol)194901.26 pahu leo
Carbon tetrachloride CCl468200.612
Carbon tetrachloride CCl410037.80.53
Kalapona disulfide CS23200.33
Kalapona disulfide CS268200.298
ʻAilā Castor10037.8259-3251200-1500
ʻAilā Castor13054.498-130450-600
ʻAila lāʻau Kina6920.6308.51425
ʻAila lāʻau Kina10037.8125.5580
Chloroform68200.38
Chloroform140600.35
ʻO ka hinu10037.829.8-31.6140-148
ʻO ka hinu13054.414.7-15.776-80
ʻAila Cod (ʻaila iʻa)10037.832.1150
ʻAila Cod (ʻaila iʻa)13054.419.495
ʻO kaʻaila kulina13054.428.7135
ʻO kaʻaila kulina2121008.654
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mākū kulina7021.132.1150
22 Baume 10037.827.5130
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mākū kulina7021.1129.8600
24 Baume 10037.895.2440
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mākū kulina7021.13031400
25 Baume 10037.8173.2800
ʻAila hua pulupulu10037.837.9176
ʻAila hua pulupulu13054.420.6100
ʻAila ʻaila 48º API6015.63.839
ʻAila ʻaila 48º API13054.41.631.8
ʻAila ʻaila 40º API6015.69.755.7
ʻAila ʻaila 40º API13054.43.538
ʻAila ʻaila 35.6º API6015.617.888.4
ʻAila ʻaila 35.6º API13054.44.942.3
ʻAila ʻaila 32.6º API6015.623.2110
ʻAila ʻaila 32.6º API13054.47.146.8
Decane-n017.82.3634
Decane-n10037.8100131
ʻO Diethyl glycol7021.132149.7
ʻO Diethyl ether68200.32
wahie Diesel 2010037.84471432.6-45.5
wahie Diesel 2013054.41.-3.97-39
wahie Diesel 3010037.86-11.7545.5-65
wahie Diesel 3013054.43.97-6.7839-48
wahie Diesel 4010037.829.8 max140 max
wahie Diesel 4013054.413.1 max70 max
wahie Diesel 601225086.6 max400 max
wahie Diesel 6016071.135.2 max165 max
Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H359150.4
Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H368200.49
Ethyl bromide C2H5Br68200.27
Ethylene bromide68200.787
Ethylene chloride68200.668
ʻO Ethylene glycol7021.117.888.4
ʻAka Formic 10%68201.0431
ʻAka Formic 50%68201.231.5
ʻAka Formic 80%68201.431.7
Formic acid concentrated68201.4831.7
Formic acid concentrated77251.57cp
Freon -117021.10.21
Freon -127021.10.27
Freon -217021.11.45
furaldehyde68201.4531.7
furaldehyde77251.49cp
ʻaila hinu 17021.12.39-4.2834-40
ʻaila hinu 110037.8-2.6932-35
ʻaila hinu 27021.13.0-7.436-50
ʻaila hinu 210037.82.11-4.2833-40
ʻaila hinu 37021.12.69-5.8435-45
ʻaila hinu 310037.82.06-3.9732.8-39
ʻaila hinu 5A7021.17.4-26.450-125
ʻaila hinu 5A10037.84.91-13.742-72
ʻaila hinu 5B7021.126.4-125-
ʻaila hinu 5B10037.813.6-67.172-310
ʻaila hinu 61225097.4-660450-3M
ʻaila hinu 616071.137.5-172175-780
ʻAila kinoea7021.113.973
ʻAila kinoea10037.87.450
Gasolina a6015.60.88
Gasolina a10037.80.71
ʻAila b6015.60.64
ʻAila b10037.8
ʻAila c6015.60.46
ʻAila c10037.80.40
Glycerin 100%68.620.36482950
Glycerin 100%10037.8176813
ʻO Glycerin 50% wai68205.2943
ʻO Glycerin 50% wai140601.85 pahu leo
Glucose10037.87.7M-22M35M-100M
Glucose15065.6880-24204M-11M
Heptana-n0-17.80.928
Heptana-n10037.80.511
Hexane-n0-17.80.683
Hexane-n10037.80.401
Honey10037.873.6349
Inika, paʻi10037.8550-22002500-10M
Inika, paʻi13054.4238-6601100-3M
ʻAila hoʻokaʻawale7021.124.1 max115 max
ʻAila hoʻokaʻawale10037.811.75 max65 max
ʻO Kerosene68202.7135
Wahie wahie-30.-34.47.952
Lard10037.862.1287
Lard13054.434.3160
ʻAila Lard10037.841-47.5190-220
ʻAila Lard13054.423.4-27.1112-128
Aila aila10037.830.5143
Aila aila13054.418.9493
Mercury7021.10.118
Mercury10037.80.11
Methyl acetate68200.44
Methyl acetate104400.32 pahu leo
Methyl iodide68200.213
Methyl iodide104400.42 pahu leo
ʻaila Menhaden10037.829.8140
ʻaila Menhaden13054.418.290
waiu68201.1331.5
Molasses A, mua10037.8281-50701300-23500
Molasses A, mua13054.4151-1760700-8160
B, lua10037.81410-13.2M6535-61180
B, lua13054.4660-3.3M3058-15294
C, ʻeleʻele10037.82630-55M12190-255M
C, ʻeleʻele13054.41320-16.5M6120-76.5M
Napetalene176800.9
Napetalene2121000.78 pahu leo
ʻO ka ʻaila Neatstool10037.849.7230
ʻO ka ʻaila Neatstool13054.427.5130
Nitrobenzene68201.6731.8
Nonane-n0-17.8172832
Nonane-n10037.80.807
Octane-n0-17.8126631.7
Octane-n10037.80.645
ʻO ka hinuʻaila10037.843.2200
ʻO ka hinuʻaila13054.424.1
ʻAila pāma10037.847.8
ʻAila pāma13054.426.4
ʻO kaʻaila Peanut10037.842200
ʻO kaʻaila Peanut13054.423.4
Pentane-n017.80.508
Pentane-n8026.70.342
petrolatum13054.420.5100
petrolatum16071.11577
ʻAla ʻaila6015.6311.1
ʻAkika propionic3201.52 pahu leo31.5
ʻAkika propionic68201.13
ʻO Propylene glycol7021.152241
ʻAila kinai100-12020.5-25
ʻO ka aila Rapeseed10037.854.1250
ʻO ka aila Rapeseed13054.431145
ʻAila ʻo Rosin10037.8324.71500
ʻAila ʻo Rosin13054.4129.9600
Rosin (lāʻau)10037.8216-11M1M-50M
Rosin (lāʻau)20093.3108-4400500-20M
ʻAila hua Sesame10037.839.6184
ʻAila hua Sesame13054.423110
ʻO ka sodium chloride 5%6820109731.1
ʻO ka sodium chloride 25%6015.62.434
ʻO ka Sodium hydroxide (ka paʻakai) 20%6518.34.039.4
ʻO ka Sodium hydroxide (ka paʻakai) 30%6518.310.058.1
ʻO ka Sodium hydroxide (ka paʻakai) 40%6518.3
ʻAila pīni soya10037.835.4165
ʻAila pīni soya1305.419.6496
ʻO ka ʻaila sperm10037.521-23110
ʻO ka ʻaila sperm13054.415.278
ʻAka Sulfuric 100%682014.5676
ʻAka Sulfuric 100%140607.2 pahu leo
ʻAka Sulfuric 95%682014.575
ʻAka Sulfuric 60%68204.441
ʻAka Sulfuric 20%3M-8M
ʻAka Sulfuric 20%650-1400
Tar, umu coke7021.1600-176015M-300M
Tar, umu coke10037.8141-3082M-20M
Tar, hale kinoea7021.13300-66M2500
Tar, hale kinoea10037.8440-4400500
Tar, pine10037.8559200-300
Tar, pine13255.6108.255-60
Toluene68200.68185.7
Toluene140600.38 pahu leo
Triethylene glycol7021.140400-440
Triethylene glycol185-205
Turpentine10037.886.5-95.21425
Turpentine13054.439.9-44.3650
Varnish, spar6820313
Varnish, spar10037.8143
Wai, pulu68201003831
Wai, hou6015.61.1331.5
Wai, hou13054.40.55
Wai, kai1.1531.5
ʻAila koholā10037.835-39.6163-184
ʻAila koholā13054.419.9-23.497-112
Xylene-o68200.93
Xylene-o104400.623 pahu leo
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