I-viscosity yoketshezi iyisilinganiso sayo ukumelana nokugeleza.
Kuyisici soketshezi olunquma inani lamandla adingekayo ukuze lunyakaze. Lapho i-viscosity iphakeme, kudingeka amandla engeziwe ukuhambisa uketshezi.
I-viscosity yoketshezi ithintwa izinga lokushisa layo. Lapho uketshezi lufudumala, i-viscosity yalo iyancipha. Lapho uketshezi lubanda kakhulu, kulapho i-viscosity yalo iphakama.
I-viscosity yoketshezi nayo ithintwa ukucindezela kwalo. Lapho umfutho uphakeme, i-viscosity yoketshezi iyanda.
I-viscosity yoketshezi ingalinganiswa nge-viscometer. I-viscometer iyithuluzi elikala ukumelana koketshezi ukuze ligeleze. I-viscosity yoketshezi iyimpahla ebalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi. Isibonelo, i-viscosity yoketshezi ingasetshenziselwa nquma inani lamandla adingekayo ukuyihambisa ngepayipi.
I-viscosity ku-physics ingenye yezakhiwo zendaba lapho ukunyakaza kwama-molecule maqondana nama-molecule azungezile kuhlangana khona, ngenxa yamandla e-intermolecular, amandla amelana: kokuqinile aphakeme kakhulu, kodwa aphansi kakhulu oketshezini namagesi. Uma sicwilisa umzimba wangaphandle oketshezini olucutshungulwayo, uzobhekana nokumelana namandla akhona ahluka kuye ngezinga le-viscosity yoketshezi.
I-Molasses, isibonelo, ine-viscosity ephakeme kunamanzi ngoba imelana kakhulu nokugeleza.
Ziningi izindlela umuntu angazisebenzisa ukuze alinganise i-viscosity yoketshezi, okulula futhi okuqondile kakhulu ukuwisa indilinga yobubanzi obuthile esitsheni esisobala esinoketshezi okubukeka kwayo umuntu azama ukukunquma.
QAPHELA: i-reciprocal of viscosity ibizwa ngokuthi i-fluidity, isilinganiso sokushelela.
I-viscosity iyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni amandla okufanele anqobe lapho uketshezi lusetshenziselwa ukugcoba futhi luthuthwa ngamapayipi. Ngakho-ke kuyoba kubalulekile kithi ukuba ngaphansistand hlobo luni loketshezi BesaI-valve ® izobe isebenza nayo, njengoba ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezindonga zepayipi noketshezi olugeleza kulo kuthinta ukusebenza kokukhipha kwe-valve.
Ilawula ukungena koketshezi processnjengokufafaza, ukubumba umjovo kanye nokunamathiswa kwendawo.
I-viscosity enamandla
Ake sicabangele izindiza ezimbili, ezihlukaniswe uketshezi (izinga lokushisa elilawulwayo) futhi elihambisana no each enye, enye imile kanti enye ingaphansi kwamandla ayiphushayo/eyidonsa ihambisane nenye indiza.
Kuye ngoketshezi esilusebenzisayo ukuze sihlukanise izindiza ezimbili, futhi njalo sisebenzisa amandla afanayo ukuhambisa enye yezindiza ezimbili, sizothola ukuthi isivinini sendiza siyahlukahluka kuye ngoketshezi esilukhethile.
Ukuhlanganisa sinakho:
A (m^2)= indawo yezindiza ezihambisanayo
y (m)= ibanga phakathi kwezindiza ezimbili
F (N)= amandla asetshenziswa endizeni ehambayo
u (m/s^2)= isivinini sendiza ehambayo
τ = amandla e-tangential
Amandla e-tangential azolingana ngokuphambene nebanga eliphakathi kwezindiza ezimbili futhi alingane ngokuqondile nesivinini.
Ukwethula ithemu lesivinini kwenza izinto zibe nzima, ngoba ngokwethiyori kuphela ukuhluka komugqa wejubane.
Amayunithi wesilinganiso
Kuhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe i-viscosity ikalwa ngo pascals (Pa s) okulingana ne-poiseuille (PI), ngezinye izikhathi kumafutha okugcoba uhlelo lwe-CGS luyasetshenziswa, okungukuthi i-centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
I-Kinematic Viscosity: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
Liquid | Izinga lokushisa (ºF) | Ithempelesha (ºC) | I-Kinematic Viscosity I-CentiStokes (cSt) | I-Kinematic Viscosity Imizuzwana ye-Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
---|---|---|---|---|
I-Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
I-Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
I-acetic acid - uviniga - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
I-acetic acid - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
I-acetic acid - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
I-acetic acid - i-glacial egxilile | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
I-Acetic acid anhydride (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
I-acetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
Utshwala - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
Utshwala - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 pc | |
Utshwala - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
Utshwala - ethyl (okusanhlamvu) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
Utshwala - ethyl (okusanhlamvu) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
Utshwala - i-methyl (ukhuni) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
Utshwala - i-methyl (ukhuni) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
Utshwala - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
Utshwala - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
I-aluminium sulfate - isisombululo esingu-36%. | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
Amoniya | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
i-aniline | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
i-aniline | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
Itiyela RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | I-737-1.5M |
Itiyela RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
Uwoyela we-crankcase ozenzakalelayo | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-ubuningi | 6M-ubukhulu |
I-SAE 10W | ||||
Uwoyela we-crankcase ozenzakalelayo | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | I-6M-12M |
I-SAE 10W | ||||
Uwoyela we-crankcase ozenzakalelayo | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | I-12M-48M |
I-SAE 20W | ||||
Uwoyela we-crankcase ozenzakalelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
I-SAE 20 | ||||
Uwoyela we-crankcase ozenzakalelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
I-SAE 30 | ||||
Uwoyela we-crankcase ozenzakalelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
I-SAE 40 | ||||
Uwoyela we-crankcase ozenzakalelayo | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
I-SAE 50 | ||||
Amafutha egiya lezimoto | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 amaminithi | 40 amaminithi |
I-SAE 75W | ||||
Amafutha egiya lezimoto | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 amaminithi | 49 amaminithi |
I-SAE 80W | ||||
Amafutha egiya lezimoto | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 amaminithi | 63 amaminithi |
I-SAE 85W | ||||
Amafutha egiya lezimoto | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
I-SAE 90W | ||||
Amafutha egiya lezimoto | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
I-SAE 140 | ||||
Amafutha egiya lezimoto | 210 | 98.9 | 43 - imiz | 200 amaminithi |
I-SAE150 | ||||
Ubhiya | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
I-Benzol (i-Benzol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
I-Benzol (i-Benzol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
Amafutha ethambo | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
Amafutha ethambo | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
I-Bromine | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
I-Butyric acid n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
I-Butyric acid n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 pc | |
I-calcium chloride 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
I-calcium chloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
I-Carbolic acid (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
I-Carbolic acid (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 pc | |
Ikhabhoni tetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
Ikhabhoni tetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
I-Carbon disulfide CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
I-Carbon disulfide CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
u-Castor oil | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
u-Castor oil | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
Uwoyela wezinkuni waseChina | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
Uwoyela wezinkuni waseChina | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
I-Chloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
I-Chloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
Amafutha kakhukhunathi | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
Amafutha kakhukhunathi | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
Amafutha e-cod (amafutha ezinhlanzi) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
Amafutha e-cod (amafutha ezinhlanzi) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
Amafutha ommbila | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
Amafutha ommbila | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
Isixazululo sesitashi sommbila | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
22 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
Isixazululo sesitashi sommbila | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
24 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
Isixazululo sesitashi sommbila | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
25 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
Amafutha embewu kakotini | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
Amafutha embewu kakotini | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
Amafutha aluhlaza 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
I-Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
I-Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
I-Diethyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
I-Diethyl ether | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
I-diesel fuel 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
I-diesel fuel 20 | 130 | 54.4 | I-1.-3.97 | -39 |
I-diesel fuel 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
I-diesel fuel 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
I-diesel fuel 40 | 100 | 37.8 | I-29.8 max | I-140 max |
I-diesel fuel 40 | 130 | 54.4 | I-13.1 max | I-70 max |
I-diesel fuel 60 | 122 | 50 | I-86.6 max | I-400 max |
I-diesel fuel 60 | 160 | 71.1 | I-35.2 max | I-165 max |
I-Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
I-Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
I-Ethyl bromide C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
I-Ethylene bromide | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
I-Ethylene chloride | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
I-Ethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
I-Formic acid 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
I-Formic acid 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
I-Formic acid 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
I-Formic acid igxilile | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
I-Formic acid igxilile | 77 | 25 | 1.57cp | |
I-Freon -11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
I-Freon -12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
I-Freon -21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49cp | |
Amafutha e-Fuel 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
Amafutha okubasela 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
Amafutha okubasela 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
Amafutha e-Fuel 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | I-450-3M |
Amafutha e-Fuel 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
Amafutha egesi | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
Amafutha egesi | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
Uphethiloli a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
Uphethiloli a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
Uphethiloli b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
Uphethiloli b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
Uphethiloli c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
Uphethiloli c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
I-Glycerin 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
I-Glycerin 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
Glycerin 50% amanzi | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
Glycerin 50% amanzi | 140 | 60 | 1.85 pc | |
I-glucose | 100 | 37.8 | I-7.7M-22M | I-35M-100M |
I-glucose | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | I-4M-11M |
I-Heptanes-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
I-Heptanes-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
I-Hexane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
I-Hexane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
Uju | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
Uyinki, amaphrinta | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | I-2500-10M |
Uyinki, amaphrinta | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | I-1100-3M |
Amafutha okuvikela | 70 | 21.1 | I-24.1 max | I-115 max |
Amafutha okuvikela | 100 | 37.8 | I-11.75 max | I-65 max |
kaphalafini | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
Jet Okokhelekayo | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
I-Lard | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
I-Lard | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
Amafutha engulube | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
Amafutha engulube | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
Amafutha ancibilikisiwe | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
Amafutha ancibilikisiwe | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
Mercury | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
Mercury | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
I-methyl acetate | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
I-methyl acetate | 104 | 40 | 0.32 pc | |
I-methyl iodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
I-methyl iodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42 pc | |
Amafutha e-Menhaden | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
Amafutha e-Menhaden | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
Ubisi | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
Molasses A, kuqala | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
Molasses A, kuqala | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
B, okwesibili | 100 | 37.8 | I-1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
B, okwesibili | 130 | 54.4 | I-660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
C, ibhande elimnyama | 100 | 37.8 | I-2630-55M | I-12190-255M |
C, ibhande elimnyama | 130 | 54.4 | I-1320-16.5M | I-6120-76.5M |
UNaphthalene | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
UNaphthalene | 212 | 100 | 0.78 pc | |
Amafutha e-Neatstool | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
Amafutha e-Neatstool | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
I-Nitrobenzene | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
Nonane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
Nonane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
I-Octane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
I-Octane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
Amafutha e-Olive | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
Amafutha e-Olive | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
Amafutha esundu | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
Amafutha esundu | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
Amafutha e-Peanut | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
Amafutha e-Peanut | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
I-Pentane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
I-Pentane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
I-Petrolatum | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
I-Petrolatum | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
I-petroleum ether | 60 | 15.6 | 31(okuphelele) | 1.1 |
I-propionic acid | 32 | 0 | 1.52 pc | 31.5 |
I-propionic acid | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
I-Propylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
Amafutha okucisha | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
Amafutha akhishwa | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
Amafutha akhishwa | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
Amafutha e-rosin | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
Amafutha e-rosin | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
I-Rosin (ukhuni) | 100 | 37.8 | I-216-11M | I-1M-50M |
I-Rosin (ukhuni) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | I-500-20M |
Amafutha wembewu yeSesame | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
Amafutha wembewu yeSesame | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
I-sodium chloride 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
I-sodium chloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
I-sodium hydroxide (i-caustic soda) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
I-sodium hydroxide (i-caustic soda) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
I-sodium hydroxide (i-caustic soda) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
Amafutha kabhontshisi weSoya | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
Amafutha kabhontshisi weSoya | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
Amafutha esidoda | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
Amafutha esidoda | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
I-sulfuric acid 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
I-sulfuric acid 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 pc | |
I-sulfuric acid 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
I-sulfuric acid 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
I-sulfuric acid 20% | I-3M-8M | |||
I-sulfuric acid 20% | 650-1400 | |||
I-Tar, i-oven ye-coke | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | I-15M-300M |
I-Tar, i-oven ye-coke | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | I-2M-20M |
Ithayela, indlu yegesi | 70 | 21.1 | I-3300-66M | 2500 |
Ithayela, indlu yegesi | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
Ithayela, uphayini | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
Ithayela, uphayini | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
I-Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
I-Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 pc | |
I-Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
I-Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
I-Turpentine | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
I-Turpentine | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
I-Varnish, i-spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
I-Varnish, i-spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
Amanzi, distilled | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
Amanzi, amasha | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
Amanzi, amasha | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
Amanzi, ulwandle | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
Amafutha omkhomo | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
Amafutha omkhomo | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
I-Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
I-Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 pc |