Awọn iki ti a ito ni a odiwon ti awọn oniwe- resistance si sisan.
O jẹ ohun-ini ti omi ti o pinnu iye agbara ti o nilo lati gbe. Ti o ga julọ iki, agbara diẹ sii ni a nilo lati gbe ito naa.
Itosi ti omi kan ni ipa nipasẹ iwọn otutu rẹ. Awọn igbona ito, isalẹ awọn oniwe-iki. Bi omi ṣe tutu si, iki rẹ ga.
Awọn iki ti omi kan tun ni ipa nipasẹ titẹ rẹ. Awọn ti o ga awọn titẹ, awọn ti o ga omi ká iki.
Igi omi le jẹ wiwọn pẹlu viscometer kan. Viscometer jẹ ẹrọ ti o ṣe iwọn resistance ti omi lati san. Awọn iki ti ito jẹ ohun-ini pataki ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ohun elo. Fun apẹẹrẹ, iki ti omi kan le ṣee lo si pinnu iye agbara ti o nilo lati gbe nipasẹ paipu kan.
Viscosity ni fisiksi jẹ ọkan ninu awọn ohun-ini ti ọrọ nipa eyiti iṣipopada awọn ohun alumọni nipa awọn alabapade awọn ohun elo agbegbe, nitori awọn ipa intermolecular, agbara sooro: ninu awọn okele o ga julọ, ṣugbọn o kere julọ ninu awọn olomi ati gaasi. Ti a ba fi ara ajeji bọ inu omi ti o wa labẹ ero, yoo pade atako ti agbara rẹ yatọ si da lori iwọn ito ti iki.
Molasses, fun apẹẹrẹ, ni iki ti o ga ju omi lọ nitori pe o jẹ diẹ sooro si sisan.
Awọn ọna pupọ lo wa ti ọkan le lo lati wiwọn iki omi, rọrun julọ ati taara julọ ni lati ju aaye kan ti iwọn ila opin kan sinu apoti ti o han gbangba ti o ni omi ti iki rẹ n gbiyanju lati pinnu.
AKIYESI: atunṣe ti viscosity ni a npe ni fluidity, odiwọn ti didan.
Viscosity jẹ ifosiwewe pataki ni ṣiṣe ipinnu awọn ipa ti o gbọdọ bori nigbati a lo awọn olomi fun lubrication ati gbigbe ni awọn paipu. O yoo Nitorina jẹ pataki fun wa lati labẹstand iru omi wo ni Besa® àtọwọdá yoo wa ni ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn, bi awọn edekoyede laarin awọn Odi ti a paipu ati awọn ito ti nṣàn nipasẹ o ni ipa lori awọn àtọwọdá ká ise sise.
O n ṣakoso ṣiṣan omi inu processes bi spraying, abẹrẹ igbáti ati dada bo.
Iyipo iki
Jẹ ki a wo awọn ọkọ ofurufu meji, ti a yapa nipasẹ omi kan (iṣakoso iwọn otutu) ati ni afiwe si each miiran, ọkan adaduro ati awọn miiran tunmọ si a agbara ti o titari / fa o ni afiwe si awọn miiran ofurufu.
Ti o da lori omi ti a lo lati ya awọn ọkọ ofurufu meji, ati nigbagbogbo lilo agbara kanna lati gbe ọkan ninu awọn ọkọ ofurufu meji, a yoo rii pe iyara ti ọkọ ofurufu yatọ da lori omi ti a yan.
Akopọ ti a ni:
A (m^2) = agbegbe ti awọn ọkọ ofurufu ti o jọra
y (m) = aaye laarin awọn ọkọ ofurufu meji
F (N) = ipa ti a lo si ọkọ ofurufu gbigbe
u (m/s^2)= iyara ti ọkọ ofurufu gbigbe
τ = agbara tangential
Agbara tangential yoo jẹ iwọn inversely si aaye laarin awọn ọkọ ofurufu meji ati taara taara si iyara naa.
Iṣafihan ọrọ iyara n ṣe idiju awọn nkan, nitori imọ-jinlẹ nikan ni iyatọ ninu laini iyara.
Sipo ti odiwon
Ni agbaye eto iki ti wa ni won ni pascals (Pa s) eyiti o jẹ deede si poiseuille (PI), nigbamiran fun awọn epo lubricating awọn eto CGS tun lo, ie centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
Kinematic Viscosity: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| Liquid | Iwọn otutu (ºF) | Igba otutu (ºC) | Kinematic iki CentiStokes (cSt) | Kinematic iki Aaya Saybolt Gbogbo (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| Acetic acid - kikan - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| Acetic acid - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| Acetic acid - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| Acetic acid - glacial ogidi | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| Anhydride acetic acid (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Acetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Oti - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Oti - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 pc | |
| Ọtí - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Ọtí - ethyl (ọkà) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Ọtí - ethyl (ọkà) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Oti - methyl (igi) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Oti - methyl (igi) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Oti - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Oti - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Aluminiomu imi-ọjọ - 36% ojutu | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| Amoni | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| aniline | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| aniline | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| Idapọmọra RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| Idapọmọra RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| Aifọwọyi crankcase epo | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-max | 6M ti o pọju |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Aifọwọyi crankcase epo | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Aifọwọyi crankcase epo | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20W | ||||
| Aifọwọyi crankcase epo | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| SAE 20 | ||||
| Aifọwọyi crankcase epo | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| SAE 30 | ||||
| Aifọwọyi crankcase epo | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| SAE 40 | ||||
| Aifọwọyi crankcase epo | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| SAE 50 | ||||
| Oko epo jia | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75W | ||||
| Oko epo jia | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80W | ||||
| Oko epo jia | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85W | ||||
| Oko epo jia | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90W | ||||
| Oko epo jia | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| SAE 140 | ||||
| Oko epo jia | 210 | 98.9 | 43 - iseju | 200 min |
| SAE150 | ||||
| Oti bia | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| Epo egungun | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| Epo egungun | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| Bromine | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| Butyric acid n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| Butyric acid n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 pc | |
| kalisiomu kiloraidi 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| kalisiomu kiloraidi 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| Carbolic acid (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| Carbolic acid (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 pc | |
| Erogba tetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Erogba tetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Erogba disulfide CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Erogba disulfide CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| Castor epo | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| Castor epo | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| China igi epo | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| China igi epo | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| Chloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| Chloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Agbon epo | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Agbon epo | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| Epo kod (epo eja) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| Epo kod (epo eja) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Epo agbado | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Epo agbado | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Ojutu sitashi agbado | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Ojutu sitashi agbado | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Ojutu sitashi agbado | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| Epo irugbin owu | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| Epo irugbin owu | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| epo robi 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| epo robi 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| epo robi 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| epo robi 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| epo robi 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| epo robi 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| epo robi 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| epo robi 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| Diethyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| Diethyl ether | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| epo Diesel 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| epo Diesel 20 | 130 | 54.4 | 1.-3.97 | -39 |
| epo Diesel 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| epo Diesel 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| epo Diesel 40 | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 Max | 140 Max |
| epo Diesel 40 | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 Max | 70 Max |
| epo Diesel 60 | 122 | 50 | 86.6 Max | 400 Max |
| epo Diesel 60 | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 Max | 165 Max |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| Ethyl bromide C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Ethylene bromide | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Ethylene kiloraidi | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| Ẹya erinyleyle | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Formic acid 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| Formic acid 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Formic acid 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid ogidi | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid ogidi | 77 | 25 | 1.57cp | |
| Freon -11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon -12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon -21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49cp | |
| Epo epo 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| Epo epo 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| Epo epo 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| Epo epo 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| Epo epo 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| Epo epo 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| Epo epo 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| Epo epo 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| Epo epo 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| Epo epo 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| Epo epo 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| Epo epo 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| Awọn epo gaasi | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| Awọn epo gaasi | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| petirolu a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| petirolu a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| petirolu b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| petirolu b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| petirolu c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| petirolu c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| Glycerin 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| Glycerin 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| Glycerin 50% omi | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| Glycerin 50% omi | 140 | 60 | 1.85 pc | |
| Glucose | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| Glucose | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptanes-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptanes-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Hexane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Hexane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| Honey | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| Inki, awọn atẹwe | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| Inki, awọn atẹwe | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| epo idabobo | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 Max | 115 Max |
| epo idabobo | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 Max | 65 Max |
| kerosene | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Jet idana | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Lard | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Lard | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Epo lard | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Epo lard | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Epo epo | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Epo epo | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Makiuri | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Makiuri | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| Methyl acetate | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| Methyl acetate | 104 | 40 | 0.32 pc | |
| Methyl iodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Methyl iodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42 pc | |
| Menhaden epo | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| Menhaden epo | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Wara | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Molasses A, akọkọ | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| Molasses A, akọkọ | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, keji | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, keji | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, okùn dudu | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, okùn dudu | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| Nafthalene | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| Nafthalene | 212 | 100 | 0.78 pc | |
| epo Neatstool | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| epo Neatstool | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Nitrobenzene | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| Nonane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| Nonane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Octane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Octane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| Olifi epo | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| Olifi epo | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| epo ọpẹ | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| epo ọpẹ | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Epa epo | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Epa epo | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| Pentane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| Pentane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| epo epo | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| epo epo | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Epo epo | 60 | 15.6 | 31(est) | 1.1 |
| Acid Propionic | 32 | 0 | 1.52 pc | 31.5 |
| Acid Propionic | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| propylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| Epo ti npa | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Rapeseed epo | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Rapeseed epo | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| epo rosin | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| epo rosin | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Rosin (igi) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Rosin (igi) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Epo irugbin Sesame | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Epo irugbin Sesame | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| Soda kiloraidi 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| Soda kiloraidi 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Sodium hydroxide (sosuga caustic) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Sodium hydroxide (sosuga caustic) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Sodium hydroxide (sosuga caustic) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| Epo soya | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| Epo soya | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| Epo àtọ | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| Epo àtọ | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| Sulfuric acid 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| Sulfuric acid 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 pc | |
| Sulfuric acid 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| Sulfuric acid 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| Sulfuric acid 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| Sulfuric acid 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tar, koki adiro | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tar, koki adiro | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Tar, ile gaasi | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Tar, ile gaasi | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Tar, Pine | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Tar, Pine | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 pc | |
| Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
| Turpentine | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| Turpentine | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Varnish, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Varnish, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Omi, distilled | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Omi, titun | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Omi, titun | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Omi, okun | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| epo whale | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| epo whale | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 pc |
