Viscosity ee dareeraha

Viscosity-ka dareeraha waa cabbirkiisa iska caabin socodka.

Waa hanti dareere ah oo go'aamisa tirada xoogga loo baahan yahay si loo dhaqaajiyo. Mar kasta oo viscosity-ku sarreeyo, xoog badan ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo dhaqaajiyo dareeraha.

Viscosity ee dareeraha waxaa saameeya heerkulkiisa. Inta uu sii kululaado dareeraha, waxa uu hoos u dhigaa viscosity-kiisa. Qabowgu dareeraha ayaa kor u sii kacaya.
Viscosity ee dareeraha sidoo kale waxaa saameeya cadaadiskiisa. Markasta oo uu cadaadisku sarreeyo, waxaa kor u kacaya viscosity-ka dareeraha.

Viscosity ee dareeraha waxaa lagu qiyaasi karaa viskometer. Viscometer-ku waa qalab cabbira caabbinta dareeraha socodka. Viscosity ee dareeraha waa hanti muhiim ah codsiyada badan. Tusaale ahaan, viscosity ee dareeraha ayaa loo isticmaali karaa go'aami tirada xoogga loo baahan yahay si loogu dhex maro tuubada.

Viscosity ee fiisigiska waa mid ka mid ah sifooyinka maadada taasoo dhaqdhaqaaqa molecules marka la eego la kulanka molecules ku hareeraysan, sababtoo ah xoogagga intermolecular, xoogga u adkaysta: adkaha waa ugu sarreeya, laakiin ugu hooseeya dareeraha iyo gaaska. Haddii aan ku dhex milno jidh shisheeye dheecaanka iyadoo la tixgelinayo, waxay la kulmi doontaa iska caabin ah oo xooggeedu kala duwan yahay iyadoo ku xiran heerka viscosity ee dareeraha.
Molasses, tusaale ahaan, waxa uu leeyahay viscosity ka sarreeya biyaha sababtoo ah aad bay u adkaysanaysaa socodka.
Waxaa jira habab badan oo qofku isticmaali karo si loo cabbiro viscosity-ka dareeraha, ugu fudud uguna fudud ayaa ah in lagu rido meel dhexroor gaar ah weel hufan oo uu ku jiro dareeraha muuqiisa uu isku dayayo in uu go'aamiyo.

FIIRO GAAR AH: isu-celinta viscosity-ka waxaa loo yaqaan dareere, cabbir siman.

Viscosity waa arrin muhiim ah oo lagu go'aaminayo xoogagga ay tahay in laga gudbo marka dareeraha loo isticmaalo sifeynta iyo qaadista tuubooyinka. Sidaa darteed waxay noqon doontaa mid muhiim ah in aan hoos u dhignostand nooca dareeraha ah Besa® valve ayaa ku shaqayn doona, maadaama is-jiidjiidka u dhexeeya gidaarada tuubada iyo dareeraha dhex mara ay saamaynayso soo daynta waalka.

Waxay xakameysaa qulqulka dareeraha ee gudaha processes sida buufinta, qaabaynta duritaanka iyo daahan oogada.

Viscosity firfircoon

Aynu tixgelinno laba diyaaradood, oo ay kala soocaan dareere (heerkulka xakamaynta) oo barbar socda each mid kale, mid taagan iyo mid kale ayaa lagu sameeyay xoog riixaya/jiidaya oo barbar socda diyaaradda kale.
Marka loo eego dareeraha aan isticmaalno ee aan ku kala saarno labada diyaaradood, isla markaana aan mar walba isku xoog isticmaalno si aan labada diyaaradood midkood u dhaqaajino, waxaan ogaan doonnaa in xawliga diyaaradda uu kala duwan yahay iyadoo ku xiran dareeraha aan doorannay.

Guud ahaan waxaan leenahay:

A (m^2)= bedka diyaaradaha is barbar socda
y (m)= masaafada u dhaxaysa labada diyaaradood
F (N)= xooga lagu saaray diyaarada dhaqaaqaysa
u (m/s^2)= xawaaraha diyaaradda dhaqaaqaysa
τ = xoog tangential

Ciidanka taangiga ahi waxa ay noqonayaan kuwo rogaal celis ah oo u dhigma fogaanta u dhaxaysa labada diyaaradood oo si toos ah ula siman xawaaraha.
Soo bandhigida erey xawaaruhu waxay adkaynaysaa waxyaalaha, sababtoo ah kaliya aragti ahaan waa kala duwanaanshaha xariiqda xawaaraha.

Halbeegyada cabirka

Nidaamka caalamiga ah, viscosity ayaa lagu cabbiraa pascals (Pa s) oo u dhiganta poiseuille (PI), mararka qaarkood saliidaha lagu saleeyo nidaamka CGS waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa, ie centipoise (cP)

1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI

Viscosity Kinematic: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10^-6 m²/s

Liquid	Heerkulka (ºF)	Heerkulka (ºC)	Viscosity Kinematic CentiStokes (cSt)	Viscosity Kinematic Ilbiriqsi Saybolt Universal (SSU)
Acetaldehyde CH3CHO	61	16.1	0.305	36
Acetaldehyde CH3CHO	68	20	0.295
Acid acid - khal - 10% CH3COOH	59	15	1.35	31.7
Acid acid - 50%	59	15	2.27	33
Acid acid - 80%	59	15	2.85	35
Acetic acid - glacial xoog leh	59	15	1.34	31.7
Aashitada loo yaqaan 'anhydride' (CH3COO) 2O	59	15	0.88
Acetone CH3COCH3	68	20	0.41
Khamriga - allyl	68	20	1.60	31.8
Khamriga - allyl	104	40	0.90 pc
Khamriga - butyl-n	68	20	3.64	38
Khamriga - ethyl (hadhuudh) C2H5OH	68	20	1.52	31.7
Khamriga - ethyl (hadhuudh) C2H5OH	100	37.8	1.2	31.5
Khamriga - methyl (qoryaha) CH3OH	59	15	0.74
Khamriga - methyl (qoryaha) CH3OH	32	0	1.04
Alcohol - propyl	68	20	2.8	35
Alcohol - propyl	122	50	1.4	31.7
Aluminium sulfate - 36% xal	68	20	1.41	31.7
Ammonia	0	-17.8	0.30
aniline	68	20	4.37	40
aniline	50	10	6.4	46.4
Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0	77	25	159-324	737-1.5M
Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0	100	37.8	60-108	280-500
Saliid weel oo toos ah	0	-17.8	1295-ugu badnaan	6M-ugu badnaan
SAE 10W
Saliid weel oo toos ah	0	-17.8	1295-2590	6M-12M
SAE 10W
Saliid weel oo toos ah	0	-17.8	2590-10350	12M-48M
SAE 20W
Saliid weel oo toos ah	210	98.9	5.7-9.6	45-58
SAE 20
Saliid weel oo toos ah	210	98.9	9.6-12.9	58-70
SAE 30
Saliid weel oo toos ah	210	98.9	12.9-16.8	70-85
SAE 40
Saliid weel oo toos ah	210	98.9	16.8-22.7	85-110
SAE 50
Saliida qalabka baabuurta	210	98.9	4.2 min	40 min
SAE 75W
Saliida qalabka baabuurta	210	98.9	7.0 min	49 min
SAE 80W
Saliida qalabka baabuurta	210	98.9	11.0 min	63 min
SAE 85W
Saliida qalabka baabuurta	210	98.9	14-25	74-120
SAE 90W
Saliida qalabka baabuurta	210	98.9	25-43	120-200
SAE 140
Saliida qalabka baabuurta	210	98.9	43 - daq	200 min
SAE150
Beer	68	20	1.8	32
Benzene (Benzol) C6H6	32	0	1.0	31
Benzene (Benzol) C6H6	68	20	0.74
Saliida lafaha	130	54.4	47.5	220
Saliida lafaha	212	100	11.6	65
Bromine	68	20	0.34
Butane-n	-50	-1.1	0.52
Butane-n	30		0.35
Butyric acid n	68	20	1.61	31.6
Butyric acid n	32	0	2.3 pc
Calcium chloride 5%	65	18.3	1156
Calcium chloride 25%	60	15.6	4.0	39
Carbolic acid (phenol)	65	18.3	11.83	65
Carbolic acid (phenol)	194	90	1.26 pc
Kaarboon tetrachloride CCl4	68	20	0.612
Kaarboon tetrachloride CCl4	100	37.8	0.53
Kaarboon disulfide CS2	32	0	0.33
Kaarboon disulfide CS2	68	20	0.298
Saliida loo yaqaan 'Castor oil'	100	37.8	259-325	1200-1500
Saliida loo yaqaan 'Castor oil'	130	54.4	98-130	450-600
Saliida alwaax ee Shiinaha	69	20.6	308.5	1425
Saliida alwaax ee Shiinaha	100	37.8	125.5	580
Chloroform	68	20	0.38
Chloroform	140	60	0.35
Saliidda qumbaha	100	37.8	29.8-31.6	140-148
Saliidda qumbaha	130	54.4	14.7-15.7	76-80
Saliidda kalluunka (saliida kalluunka)	100	37.8	32.1	150
Saliidda kalluunka (saliida kalluunka)	130	54.4	19.4	95
Saliid galley ah	130	54.4	28.7	135
Saliid galley ah	212	100	8.6	54
Xalka istaarijka galleyda	70	21.1	32.1	150
22 Baume	100	37.8	27.5	130
Xalka istaarijka galleyda	70	21.1	129.8	600
24 Baume	100	37.8	95.2	440
Xalka istaarijka galleyda	70	21.1	303	1400
25 Baume	100	37.8	173.2	800
Saliidda suufka	100	37.8	37.9	176
Saliidda suufka	130	54.4	20.6	100
Saliid cayriin 48º API	60	15.6	3.8	39
Saliid cayriin 48º API	130	54.4	1.6	31.8
Saliid cayriin 40º API	60	15.6	9.7	55.7
Saliid cayriin 40º API	130	54.4	3.5	38
Saliid cayriin 35.6º API	60	15.6	17.8	88.4
Saliid cayriin 35.6º API	130	54.4	4.9	42.3
Saliid cayriin 32.6º API	60	15.6	23.2	110
Saliid cayriin 32.6º API	130	54.4	7.1	46.8
Decane-n	0	17.8	2.36	34
Decane-n	100	37.8	1001	31
Diethyl glycol	70	21.1	32	149.7
Diethyl ether	68	20	0.32
Shidaalka Naaftada 20	100	37.8	44714	32.6-45.5
Shidaalka Naaftada 20	130	54.4	1.-3.97	-39
Shidaalka Naaftada 30	100	37.8	6-11.75	45.5-65
Shidaalka Naaftada 30	130	54.4	3.97-6.78	39-48
Shidaalka Naaftada 40	100	37.8	29.8 max	140 max
Shidaalka Naaftada 40	130	54.4	13.1 max	70 max
Shidaalka Naaftada 60	122	50	86.6 max	400 max
Shidaalka Naaftada 60	160	71.1	35.2 max	165 max
Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3	59	15	0.4
Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3	68	20	0.49
Ethyl bromide C2H5Br	68	20	0.27
Ethylene bromide	68	20	0.787
Ethylene chloride	68	20	0.668
Daawada 'ethylene glycol'	70	21.1	17.8	88.4
Formic acid 10%	68	20	1.04	31
Formic acid 50%	68	20	1.2	31.5
Formic acid 80%	68	20	1.4	31.7
Formic acid ayaa xooga saaray	68	20	1.48	31.7
Formic acid ayaa xooga saaray	77	25	1.57cp
Freon -11	70	21.1	0.21
Freon -12	70	21.1	0.27
Freon -21	70	21.1	1.45
furaldehyde	68	20	1.45	31.7
furaldehyde	77	25	1.49cp
Saliida shidaalka 1	70	21.1	2.39-4.28	34-40
Saliida shidaalka 1	100	37.8	-2.69	32-35
Saliida shidaalka 2	70	21.1	3.0-7.4	36-50
Saliida shidaalka 2	100	37.8	2.11-4.28	33-40
Saliida shidaalka 3	70	21.1	2.69-5.84	35-45
Saliida shidaalka 3	100	37.8	2.06-3.97	32.8-39
Saliida shidaalka 5A	70	21.1	7.4-26.4	50-125
Saliida shidaalka 5A	100	37.8	4.91-13.7	42-72
Saliidda shidaalka 5B	70	21.1	26.4-	125-
Saliidda shidaalka 5B	100	37.8	13.6-67.1	72-310
Saliida shidaalka 6	122	50	97.4-660	450-3M
Saliida shidaalka 6	160	71.1	37.5-172	175-780
Saliida gaaska	70	21.1	13.9	73
Saliida gaaska	100	37.8	7.4	50
Shidaal a	60	15.6	0.88
Shidaal a	100	37.8	0.71
Shidaal b	60	15.6	0.64
Shidaal b	100	37.8
Shidaalka c	60	15.6	0.46
Shidaalka c	100	37.8	0.40
Glycerin 100%	68.6	20.3	648	2950
Glycerin 100%	100	37.8	176	813
Glycerin 50% biyo ah	68	20	5.29	43
Glycerin 50% biyo ah	140	60	1.85 pc
Glucose	100	37.8	7.7M-22M	35M-100M
Glucose	150	65.6	880-2420	4M-11M
Heptanes-n	0	-17.8	0.928
Heptanes-n	100	37.8	0.511
Hexane-n	0	-17.8	0.683
Hexane-n	100	37.8	0.401
Honey	100	37.8	73.6	349
Khad, daabacayaasha	100	37.8	550-2200	2500-10M
Khad, daabacayaasha	130	54.4	238-660	1100-3M
Saliida dahaaran	70	21.1	24.1 max	115 max
Saliida dahaaran	100	37.8	11.75 max	65 max
shito	68	20	2.71	35
Diyaaradda Jet	-30.	-34.4	7.9	52
Lard	100	37.8	62.1	287
Lard	130	54.4	34.3	160
Saliid subag	100	37.8	41-47.5	190-220
Saliid subag	130	54.4	23.4-27.1	112-128
Saliida qallalan	100	37.8	30.5	143
Saliida qallalan	130	54.4	18.94	93
Mercury	70	21.1	0.118
Mercury	100	37.8	0.11
Methyl acetate	68	20	0.44
Methyl acetate	104	40	0.32 pc
Methyl iodide	68	20	0.213
Methyl iodide	104	40	0.42 pc
Saliida Menhaden	100	37.8	29.8	140
Saliida Menhaden	130	54.4	18.2	90
Milk	68	20	1.13	31.5
Molasses A, marka hore	100	37.8	281-5070	1300-23500
Molasses A, marka hore	130	54.4	151-1760	700-8160
B, labaad	100	37.8	1410-13.2M	6535-61180
B, labaad	130	54.4	660-3.3M	3058-15294
C, xarig madow	100	37.8	2630-55M	12190-255M
C, xarig madow	130	54.4	1320-16.5M	6120-76.5M
Naftalaan	176	80	0.9
Naftalaan	212	100	0.78 pc
Saliida Neatstool	100	37.8	49.7	230
Saliida Neatstool	130	54.4	27.5	130
Nitrobenzene	68	20	1.67	31.8
Nonane-n	0	-17.8	1728	32
Nonane-n	100	37.8	0.807
Octane-n	0	-17.8	1266	31.7
Octane-n	100	37.8	0.645
saliid saytuun ah	100	37.8	43.2	200
saliid saytuun ah	130	54.4	24.1
Saliidda timirta	100	37.8	47.8
Saliidda timirta	130	54.4	26.4
Saliida shiidan	100	37.8	42	200
Saliida shiidan	130	54.4	23.4
Pentane-n	0	17.8	0.508
Pentane-n	80	26.7	0.342
Batroolka	130	54.4	20.5	100
Batroolka	160	71.1	15	77
Eter batroolka	60	15.6	31 (t)	1.1
Propionic acid	32	0	1.52 pc	31.5
Propionic acid	68	20	1.13
Glycol Propylene	70	21.1	52	241
Saliida demisay			100-120	20.5-25
Saliida Rapeseed	100	37.8	54.1	250
Saliida Rapeseed	130	54.4	31	145
Saliid Rosin	100	37.8	324.7	1500
Saliid Rosin	130	54.4	129.9	600
Rosin (qoryo)	100	37.8	216-11M	1M-50M
Rosin (qoryo)	200	93.3	108-4400	500-20M
Saliida sisinta	100	37.8	39.6	184
Saliida sisinta	130	54.4	23	110
Sodium chloride 5%	68	20	1097	31.1
Sodium chloride 25%	60	15.6	2.4	34
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soodhaha) 20%	65	18.3	4.0	39.4
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soodhaha) 30%	65	18.3	10.0	58.1
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soodhaha) 40%	65	18.3
Saliidda digirta	100	37.8	35.4	165
Saliidda digirta	130	5.4	19.64	96
Saliida shahwada	100	37.5	21-23	110
Saliida shahwada	130	54.4	15.2	78
Sulfuric acid 100%	68	20	14.56	76
Sulfuric acid 100%	140	60	7.2 pc
Sulfuric acid 95%	68	20	14.5	75
Sulfuric acid 60%	68	20	4.4	41
Sulfuric acid 20%				3M-8M
Sulfuric acid 20%				650-1400
Daamurka, foornada kookaha	70	21.1	600-1760	15M-300M
Daamurka, foornada kookaha	100	37.8	141-308	2M-20M
Daamurka, guriga gaaska	70	21.1	3300-66M	2500
Daamurka, guriga gaaska	100	37.8	440-4400	500
Daamur, geed	100	37.8	559	200-300
Daamur, geed	132	55.6	108.2	55-60
Toluene	68	20	0.68	185.7
Toluene	140	60	0.38 pc
Triethylene glycol	70	21.1	40	400-440
Triethylene glycol				185-205
Turpentine	100	37.8	86.5-95.2	1425
Turpentine	130	54.4	39.9-44.3	650
Varnish, spar	68	20	313
Varnish, spar	100	37.8	143
Biyo, la miiray	68	20	10038	31
Biyo, cusub	60	15.6	1.13	31.5
Biyo, cusub	130	54.4	0.55
Biyaha, badda			1.15	31.5
Saliida nibiriga	100	37.8	35-39.6	163-184
Saliida nibiriga	130	54.4	19.9-23.4	97-112
Xylene-o	68	20	0.93
Xylene-o	104	40	0.623 pc