Ko te viscosity o te wai he inenga o tona ātete ki te rere.
He taonga o te wai e whakatau ana i te nui o te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei neke. Ko te teitei o te pokey, ka nui ake te kaha ki te neke i te wai.
Ko te pokey o te wai e pa ana ki tona pāmahana. Ko te mahana o te wai, ka iti ake tona pokey. Ko te makariri ake o te wai, ka teitei ake tona pokey.
Ko te pokey o te wai ka pa ki tona pehanga. Ko te teitei ake o te pehanga, ka nui ake te viscosity o te wai.
Ka taea te ine i te pokey o te wai ki te ine ine. Ko te viscometer he taputapu hei ine i te parenga o te wai ki te rere. Ko te pokey o te wai he taonga nui i roto i te maha o nga tono. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te viscosity o te wai whakatauhia te nui o te kaha e tika ana hei neke i roto i te paipa.
Ko te pokey i roto i te ahupūngao tetahi o nga ahuatanga o te matū ka tutaki ai te neke o te ngota ngota e pa ana ki nga ngota ngota e karapoti ana, na te toia i waenga i nga ngota ngota, he kaha aukati: i roto i te totoka he teitei ake, engari he iti rawa i roto i te wai me te hau. Mena ka rukuhia e tatou he tinana ke ki roto i te wai e whakaarohia ana, ka pa ki te parenga he rereke tona kaha i runga i te tohu pokey o te wai.
Ko te molasses, hei tauira, he teitei ake te poiketanga i te wai na te mea he kaha ake te atete ki te rere.
He maha nga tikanga ka taea e te tangata ki te ine i te pokey o te wai, ko te mea ngawari me te tino ngawari ko te tuku i tetahi porowhita o tetahi diameter ki roto i tetahi ipu maramara kei roto te wai e ngana ana ki te whakatau.
WHAKATOKANGA: ko te tauutuutu o te viscosity e kiia ana ko te rere, he ine mo te maeneene.
Ko te pokey tetahi take nui ki te whakatau i nga kaha me hinga ina whakamahia nga wai mo te whakahinuhinu me te kawe i roto i nga paipa. Na reira he mea nui ma tatou ki rarostand he aha te momo wai BesaKa mahi tahi te ® valve, i te mea ko te waku i waenga i nga pakitara o te putorino me te wai e rere ana i roto ka pa ki te mahi tuku o te takirere.
Ka whakahaere i te rere o te wai ki roto processKo nga mea penei i te rehu, te werohanga me te paninga mata.
Te panui hihiri
Ka whakaarohia e tatou nga rererangi e rua, ka wehea e te wai (e whakahaeretia ana te pāmahana) me te whakarara ki each ko tetahi, ko tetahi e noho ana, ko tetahi ka pa ki te topana ka pana/toia kia whakarara ki tetahi atu rererangi.
I runga i te wai e whakamahia ana e tatou hei wehe i nga rererangi e rua, me te whakamahi i te kaha kotahi ki te neke i tetahi o nga rererangi e rua, ka kitea he rereke te tere o te rererangi i runga i te wai i whiriwhiria e tatou.
Kei a tatou te whaanui:
A (m^2)= te horahanga o nga rererangi whakarara
y (m)= te tawhiti i waenga i nga rererangi e rua
F (N)= toipana ki te rererangi neke
u (m/s^2)= te tere o te rererangi neke
τ = topa patapatai
Ko te topana paatata ka taurite ki te tawhiti i waenga i nga rererangi e rua me te orite tika ki te tere.
Ko te whakauru i te kupu tere ka whakararu i nga mea, na te mea ko te tikanga anake ko te rereketanga o te raina tere.
Tuhinga o te mehua
I roto i te punaha o te ao ka ine te pokey ki pascals (Pa s) e rite ana ki te poiseuille (PI), i etahi wa mo te hinu whakahinu ka whakamahia ano te punaha CGS, ara, centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
Kinematic Viscosity: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| Te waipiro | Paemahana (ºF) | Paemahana (ºC) | Kinematic Viscosity CentiStokes (cSt) | Kinematic Viscosity Hekona Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| Waikawa acetic - winika - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| Waikawa ahetiki - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| Waikawa ahetiki - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| Waikawa acetic - hukapapa kukū | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| Acetic acid anhydride (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Acetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Waipiro - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Waipiro - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 pouutu | |
| Waipiro - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Waipiro - ethyl (witi) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Waipiro - ethyl (witi) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Waipiro - methyl (rakau) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Waipiro - methyl (rakau) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Waipiro - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Waipiro - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Aluminium sulfate - 36% otinga | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| Amoni | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| anilina | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| anilina | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| Uku RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| Uku RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| Te hinu o te pouaka crankcase aunoa | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-mōrahi | 6M-max |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Te hinu o te pouaka crankcase aunoa | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Te hinu o te pouaka crankcase aunoa | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20W | ||||
| Te hinu o te pouaka crankcase aunoa | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| SAE 20 | ||||
| Te hinu o te pouaka crankcase aunoa | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| SAE 30 | ||||
| Te hinu o te pouaka crankcase aunoa | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| SAE 40 | ||||
| Te hinu o te pouaka crankcase aunoa | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| SAE 50 | ||||
| Te hinu taputapu miihini | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75W | ||||
| Te hinu taputapu miihini | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80W | ||||
| Te hinu taputapu miihini | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85W | ||||
| Te hinu taputapu miihini | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90W | ||||
| Te hinu taputapu miihini | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| SAE 140 | ||||
| Te hinu taputapu miihini | 210 | 98.9 | 43 - min | 200 min |
| SAE150 | ||||
| Pia | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| Te hinu wheua | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| Te hinu wheua | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| pūkeha | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| waikawa paati n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| waikawa paati n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 pouutu | |
| konupūmā pūhaumāota 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| konupūmā pūhaumāota 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| Waikawa warowaiwa (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| Waikawa warowaiwa (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 pouutu | |
| Wao tetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Wao tetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Wao disulfide CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Wao disulfide CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| Ko te hinu hinu | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| Ko te hinu hinu | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| Hinu rakau Haina | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| Hinu rakau Haina | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| Chloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| Chloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Coconut hinu | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Coconut hinu | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| Hinu Cod (hinu ika) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| Hinu Cod (hinu ika) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Hinu Korni | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Hinu Korni | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Wairewa māngaro kānga | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Wairewa māngaro kānga | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Wairewa māngaro kānga | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| Te hinu purapura miro | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| Te hinu purapura miro | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| Te hinu marewa 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| Te hinu marewa 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| Te hinu marewa 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| Te hinu marewa 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| Te hinu marewa 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Te hinu marewa 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| Te hinu marewa 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| Te hinu marewa 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| Diethyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| Horoi Kariki | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| Te hinuhinu 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| Te hinuhinu 20 | 130 | 54.4 | 1.-3.97 | -39 |
| Te hinuhinu 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| Te hinuhinu 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| Te hinuhinu 40 | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 max | 140 max |
| Te hinuhinu 40 | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 max | 70 max |
| Te hinuhinu 60 | 122 | 50 | 86.6 max | 400 max |
| Te hinuhinu 60 | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 max | 165 max |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| Ethyl bromide C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Ethylene bromide | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Ethylene pūhaumāota | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| Ethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| waikawa puka 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| waikawa puka 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| waikawa puka 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Te waikawa Formic concentrated | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Te waikawa Formic concentrated | 77 | 25 | 1.57cp | |
| Freon -11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon -12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon -21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49cp | |
| Hinu hinu 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| Hinu hinu 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| Hinu hinu 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| Hinu hinu 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| Hinu hinu 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| Hinu hinu 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| Hinu hinu 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| Hinu hinu 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| Hinu hinu 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| Hinu hinu 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| Hinu hinu 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| Hinu hinu 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| Nga hinu hau | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| Nga hinu hau | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| Penehīni a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| Penehīni a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| Penehīni b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| Penehīni b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| Penehīni c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| Penehīni c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| Glycerin 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| Glycerin 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| Glycerin 50% wai | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| Glycerin 50% wai | 140 | 60 | 1.85 pouutu | |
| Glucose | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| Glucose | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptanes-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptanes-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Hexane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Hexane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| Honey | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| Waituhi, kaituhi | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| Waituhi, kaituhi | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| Te hinu whakaahuru | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 max | 115 max |
| Te hinu whakaahuru | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 max | 65 max |
| karahīni | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Fuel Jet | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Tuhinga | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Tuhinga | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Te hinu poaka | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Te hinu poaka | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Hinu hinu | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Hinu hinu | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Tuhinga o mua | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Tuhinga o mua | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| Methyl acetate | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| Methyl acetate | 104 | 40 | 0.32 pouutu | |
| Methyl iodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Methyl iodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42 pouutu | |
| Te hinu Menhaden | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| Te hinu Menhaden | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Milk | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Molasses A, tuatahi | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| Molasses A, tuatahi | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, tuarua | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, tuarua | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, pango pango | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, pango pango | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| Ko Neptarene | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| Ko Neptarene | 212 | 100 | 0.78 pouutu | |
| Te hinu Neatstool | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| Te hinu Neatstool | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Nitrobenzene | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| Noane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| Noane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Octane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Octane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| Te hinu hinu | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| Te hinu hinu | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| Te hinu nikau | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| Te hinu nikau | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Peanut hinu | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Peanut hinu | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| Penetane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| Penetane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| petrolatum | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| petrolatum | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Te hinu ether | 60 | 15.6 | 31(ta) | 1.1 |
| waikawa propionic | 32 | 0 | 1.52 pouutu | 31.5 |
| waikawa propionic | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| Propone glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| Te hinu tinei | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Hinu Rapeseed | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Hinu Rapeseed | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| Te hinu rosini | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| Te hinu rosini | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Rosin (rakau) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Rosin (rakau) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Hinu purapura sesame | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Hinu purapura sesame | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| konutai pūhaumāota 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| konutai pūhaumāota 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Konutai waihā (te houra wai) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Konutai waihā (te houra wai) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Konutai waihā (te houra wai) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| Hinu pīni | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| Hinu pīni | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| Te hinu paoa | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| Te hinu paoa | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| Waikawa whanariki 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| Waikawa whanariki 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 pouutu | |
| Waikawa whanariki 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| Waikawa whanariki 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| Waikawa whanariki 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| Waikawa whanariki 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tar, umu coke | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tar, umu coke | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Tara, whare hau | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Tara, whare hau | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Tara, pine | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Tara, pine | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 pouutu | |
| Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
| Tureporo | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| Tureporo | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Varnish, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Varnish, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Te wai, maturu | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Wai, hou | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Wai, hou | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Wai, moana | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| Te hinu tohorā | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| Te hinu tohorā | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 pouutu |
