Ny viscosity ny fluid dia fandrefesana azy fanoherana mikoriana.
Fananan'ny fluid izany no mamaritra ny habetsahan'ny hery ilaina hamindra azy. Arakaraka ny avo kokoa ny viscosity, ny hery bebe kokoa ilaina mba hamindra ny fluid.
Misy fiantraikany amin'ny hafanan'ny ranon-javatra ny viscosity. Arakaraka ny mafana kokoa ny ranon-javatra, dia mihena ny viscosity azy. Arakaraky ny mangatsiaka kokoa ny ranon-javatra no avo kokoa ny viscosity azy.
Misy fiantraikany amin'ny fanerena azy koa ny hamafin'ny fluid. Arakaraka ny fanerena no ambony kokoa ny viscosity ny fluid.
Ny viscosity ny fluid dia azo refesina amin'ny viscometer. Ny viscometer dia fitaovana mandrefy ny fanoherana ny ranon-javatra mikoriana. Ny viscosity ny fluid dia fananana manan-danja amin'ny fampiharana maro. Ohatra, azo ampiasaina ny viscosity ny fluid mamaritra ny habetsaky ny hery ilaina mba hamindra azy amin'ny alalan'ny fantsona.
Ny viscosity amin'ny fizika dia iray amin'ireo toetran'ny zavatra izay ahitana ny fihetsiky ny molekiola mifandraika amin'ny molekiola manodidina, noho ny hery intermolecular, hery mahatohitra: amin'ny solids dia avo indrindra, fa ambany indrindra amin'ny ranon-javatra sy ny gazy. Raha mandentika vatana vahiny ao anatin'ilay ranoka dinihina izany, dia hisy fanoherana izay miovaova arakaraka ny haavon'ny viscosity ny fluid.
Molasses, ohatra, dia manana viscosity ambony kokoa noho ny rano satria mahatohitra kokoa ny fikorianan'ny rano.
Misy fomba maro azo ampiasaina handrefesana ny viscosity ny fluid iray, ny mora indrindra sy mahitsy indrindra dia ny mandatsaka boribory misy savaivony iray ao anaty fitoeran-javatra mangarahara misy ny tsiranoka izay ezahin'ny iray hamaritra ny hamafin'ny.
FANAMARIHANA: ny fifandimbiasan'ny viscosity dia antsoina hoe fluidity, fandrefesana ny fahamendrehana.
Ny viscosity dia singa manan-danja amin'ny famaritana ny hery tsy maintsy resena rehefa ampiasaina amin'ny fanosotra sy entina amin'ny fantsona ny ranon-javatra. Noho izany dia ho zava-dehibe ho antsika ny ambanystand karazana fluid inona Besa® valva dia hiasa, satria misy fiantraikany eo amin'ny rindrin'ny sodina sy ny ranon-javatra mikoriana ao anatiny ny valva.
Izy io no mifehy ny fikorianan'ny fluid processes toy ny famafazana, fametahana tsindrona ary coating surface.
Viscosity dinamika
Andeha isika handinika fiaramanidina roa, misaraka amin'ny ranon-javatra (manara-penitra) ary mifanitsy amin'ny each hafa, ny iray mijanona ary ny iray iharan'ny hery manosika/misintona azy mifanandrify amin'ny fiaramanidina hafa.
Miankina amin'ny ranon-javatra ampiasaintsika hanasarahana ny fiaramanidina roa, ary ny fampiasana hery mitovy foana hamindrana ny iray amin'ireo fiaramanidina roa, dia ho hitantsika fa miovaova ny hafainganam-pandehan'ny fiaramanidina, arakaraka ny fluid nofidintsika.
Generalizing manana:
A (m^2) = velaran'ireo fiaramanidina mifanila
y (m)= halaviran'ny fiaramanidina roa
F (N) = hery mihatra amin'ny fiaramanidina mihetsika
u (m/s^2)= hafainganam-pandehan'ny fiaramanidina mihetsika
τ = hery tangential
Ny hery tangential dia hifantoka amin'ny elanelana misy eo amin'ireo fiaramanidina roa ary mifanandrify mivantana amin'ny hafainganam-pandeha.
Ny fampidirana ny teny velocity dia manasarotra ny zavatra, satria ara-teorika fotsiny ny fiovaovan'ny velocity linear.
Vatan'ny fandrefesana
Ao amin'ny rafitra iraisam-pirenena, ny viscosity dia refesina amin'ny pascals (Pa s) izay mitovy amin'ny poiseuille (PI), indraindray ho an'ny menaka fanosotra dia ampiasaina koa ny rafitra CGS, izany hoe centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
Viscosity kinematic: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| ranon-javatra | Temperature (ºF) | Temperature (ºC) | Viscosity kinematic CentiStokes (cSt) | Viscosity kinematic Seconds Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| asidra acetic - vinaingitra - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| asidra acetika - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| asidra acetika - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| Acetic asidra - mifantoka glacial | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| Anhydride asidra acetic (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Acetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Toaka - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Toaka - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 pc | |
| Toaka - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Toaka - ethyl (voa) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Toaka - ethyl (voa) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Toaka - methyl (hazo) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Toaka - methyl (hazo) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Toaka - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Toaka - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Aluminum sulfate - 36% vahaolana | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| amoniaka | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| anilina | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| anilina | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| menaka crankcase mandeha ho azy | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-max | 6M-max |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| menaka crankcase mandeha ho azy | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| menaka crankcase mandeha ho azy | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20W | ||||
| menaka crankcase mandeha ho azy | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| SAE 20 | ||||
| menaka crankcase mandeha ho azy | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| SAE 30 | ||||
| menaka crankcase mandeha ho azy | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| SAE 40 | ||||
| menaka crankcase mandeha ho azy | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| SAE 50 | ||||
| menaka fanofana fiara | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75W | ||||
| menaka fanofana fiara | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80W | ||||
| menaka fanofana fiara | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85W | ||||
| menaka fanofana fiara | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90W | ||||
| menaka fanofana fiara | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| SAE 140 | ||||
| menaka fanofana fiara | 210 | 98.9 | 43 min | 200 min |
| SAE150 | ||||
| Beer | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| menaka taolana | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| menaka taolana | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| brome | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| asidra butyric n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| asidra butyric n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 pc | |
| kalsioma klôro 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| kalsioma klôro 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| Asidra karbôlika (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| Asidra karbôlika (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 pc | |
| Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Disulfide karbona CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Disulfide karbona CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| Menaka Castor | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| Menaka Castor | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| Sinoa hazo menaka | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| Sinoa hazo menaka | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| Chloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| Chloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Coconut oil | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Coconut oil | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| Menaka kaody (menaka trondro) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| Menaka kaody (menaka trondro) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Menaka katsaka | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Menaka katsaka | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Vahaolana amin'ny katsaka | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Vahaolana amin'ny katsaka | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Vahaolana amin'ny katsaka | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| menaka voanio landihazo | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| menaka voanio landihazo | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| Menaka 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| Menaka 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| Menaka 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| Menaka 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| Menaka 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Menaka 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| Menaka 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| Menaka 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| Diethyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| Diethyl etera | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| Diesel 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| Diesel 20 | 130 | 54.4 | 1.-3.97 | -39 |
| Diesel 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| Diesel 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| Diesel 40 | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 max | 140 max |
| Diesel 40 | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 max | 70 max |
| Diesel 60 | 122 | 50 | 86.6 max | 400 max |
| Diesel 60 | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 max | 165 max |
| Ny ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| Ny ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| Vidin'ny Ethyl bromide C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Ethylene bromide | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Ethylene klôro | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| Ethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| asidra formic 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| asidra formic 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| asidra formic 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Asidra formika mivondrona | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Asidra formika mivondrona | 77 | 25 | 1.57cp | |
| Freon -11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon -12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon -21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49cp | |
| menaka solika 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| menaka solika 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| menaka solika 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| menaka solika 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| menaka solika 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| menaka solika 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| solika solika 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| solika solika 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| solika solika 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| solika solika 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| menaka solika 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| menaka solika 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| menaka gasy | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| menaka gasy | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| Gasolina a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| Gasolina a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| Gasolina b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| Gasolina b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| Gasolina c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| Gasolina c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| glycérine 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| glycérine 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| glycérine 50% rano | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| glycérine 50% rano | 140 | 60 | 1.85 pc | |
| gliokaozy | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| gliokaozy | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptana-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptana-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Hexane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Hexane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| Honey | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| Ranomainty, mpanonta printy | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| Ranomainty, mpanonta printy | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| menaka insulating | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 max | 115 max |
| menaka insulating | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 max | 65 max |
| solitany | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Fiaramanidina Jet | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Lard | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Lard | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Menaka lard | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Menaka lard | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Menaka rongony | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Menaka rongony | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Mercury | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Mercury | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| Methyl acetate | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| Methyl acetate | 104 | 40 | 0.32 pc | |
| Methyl iodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Methyl iodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42 pc | |
| menaka Menhaden | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| menaka Menhaden | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Ronono | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Molasses A, voalohany | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| Molasses A, voalohany | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, faharoa | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, faharoa | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, blackstrap | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, blackstrap | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| Naftalena | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| Naftalena | 212 | 100 | 0.78 pc | |
| menaka Neatstool | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| menaka Neatstool | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Nitrobenzene | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| Nonane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| Nonane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Octane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Octane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| Menaka oliva | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| Menaka oliva | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| menaka palmie | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| menaka palmie | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Olon-menaka | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Olon-menaka | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| Pentane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| Pentane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| petrolatum | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| petrolatum | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Petroleum etera | 60 | 15.6 | 31 (est) | 1.1 |
| Asidra propionika | 32 | 0 | 1.52 pc | 31.5 |
| Asidra propionika | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| Propylène glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| Mamono menaka | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Menaka Rapeseed | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Menaka Rapeseed | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| menaka rosina | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| menaka rosina | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Rosin (hazo) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Rosin (hazo) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Menaka voa sesame | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Menaka voa sesame | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| Sodium klôro 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| Sodium klôro 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Sodium hydroxide (soda caustic) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Sodium hydroxide (soda caustic) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Sodium hydroxide (soda caustic) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| Menaka soja | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| Menaka soja | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| menaka tsirinaina | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| menaka tsirinaina | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| asidra solifara 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| asidra solifara 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 pc | |
| asidra solifara 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| asidra solifara 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| asidra solifara 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| asidra solifara 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tar, lafaoro coke | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tar, lafaoro coke | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Tar, trano gasy | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Tar, trano gasy | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Tar, pine | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Tar, pine | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 pc | |
| Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
| Turpentine | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| Turpentine | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Varnish, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Varnish, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Rano, voadilo | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Rano, madio | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Rano, madio | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Rano, ranomasina | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| menaka trozona | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| menaka trozona | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 pc |
