Lub viscosity ntawm cov kua yog qhov ntsuas ntawm nws tsis kam ntws.
Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej ntawm cov kua dej uas txiav txim siab lub zog uas yuav tsum tau txav mus los. Qhov siab dua qhov viscosity, lub zog ntau dua yuav tsum txav cov kua dej.
Lub viscosity ntawm cov kua yog cuam tshuam los ntawm nws qhov kub thiab txias. Lub warmer cov kua, qhov qis nws viscosity. Cov kua dej txias dua, qhov siab dua nws cov viscosity.
Lub viscosity ntawm cov kua kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm nws lub siab. Qhov siab dua, cov kua viscosity siab dua.
Lub viscosity ntawm cov kua tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog lub viscometer. Lub viscometer yog ib qho khoom siv uas ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm cov kua dej ntws. Lub viscosity ntawm cov kua dej yog ib qho khoom tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. Piv txwv li, lub viscosity ntawm cov kua yuav siv tau rau txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm lub zog yuav tsum tau txav mus los ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Viscosity nyob rau hauv physics yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov teeb meem uas qhov kev txav ntawm cov molecules nrog rau ib puag ncig cov molecules ntsib, vim muaj zog intermolecular, lub zog tiv thaiv: hauv cov khib nyiab nws yog siab tshaj, tab sis qis tshaj hauv cov kua thiab gases. Yog hais tias peb raus ib tug txawv teb chaws lub cev nyob rau hauv cov kua nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, nws yuav ntsib ib tug tsis kam uas nws lub zog txawv nyob ntawm seb cov kua degree ntawm viscosity.
Molasses, piv txwv li, muaj viscosity ntau dua li dej vim nws tiv taus ntau dua.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas siv tau los ntsuas qhov viscosity ntawm cov kua dej, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws yog tso ib qho ntawm ib txoj kab uas hla mus rau hauv lub thawv pob tshab uas muaj cov kua dej uas nws cov viscosity yog sim los txiav txim.
CEEB TOOM: lub reciprocal ntawm viscosity yog hu ua fluidity, ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm smoothness.
Viscosity yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab lub zog uas yuav tsum kov yeej thaum cov kua siv rau lubrication thiab thauj hauv cov kav dej. Yog li ntawd nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau peb nyob rau hauvstand hom kua dej li cas Besa® valve yuav ua haujlwm nrog, vim kev sib txhuam ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab cov kua dej ntws los ntawm nws cuam tshuam rau lub valve qhov kev ua haujlwm tawm.
Nws tswj cov dej ntws hauv processes xws li tshuaj tsuag, txhaj tshuaj molding thiab txheej txheej.
Dynamic viscosity
Cia peb xav txog ob lub dav hlau, sib cais los ntawm cov kua dej (kub tswj) thiab sib npaug rau each lwm yam, ib qho chaw ruaj khov thiab lwm qhov raug rau lub zog uas thawb / rub nws mus rau lwm lub dav hlau.
Nyob ntawm cov kua dej uas peb siv los cais ob lub dav hlau, thiab ib txwm siv tib lub zog txav ib qho ntawm ob lub dav hlau, peb yuav pom tias qhov nrawm ntawm lub dav hlau sib txawv nyob ntawm cov kua dej uas peb tau xaiv.
Generalising peb muaj:
A (m^2) = thaj tsam ntawm cov dav hlau sib luag
y (m) = nrug ntawm ob lub dav hlau
F (N) = quab yuam siv rau lub dav hlau txav
u (m / s^2) = qhov nrawm ntawm lub dav hlau txav
τ = tangential zog
Lub zog tangential yuav inversely proportional rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub dav hlau thiab ncaj qha proportional rau qhov ceev.
Kev nthuav qhia lub sij hawm tshaj tawm ua rau nyuaj, vim tias tsuas yog theoretically yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm.
Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas
Nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb system viscosity yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv pascals (Pa s) uas yog sib npaug rau poiseuille (PI), qee zaum rau lubricating roj cov CGS system kuj siv, piv txwv li centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
Kinematic Viscosity: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| Kua | Qhov kub thiab txias (ºF) | Kub (ºC) | Kinematic viscosity CentiStokes (cSt) | Kinematic viscosity Thib Ob Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO hmoov | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO hmoov | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| Acetic acid - vinegar - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| Acetic acid - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| Acetic acid - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| Acetic acid - concentrated glacial | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| Acetic acid anhydride (CH3COO) 2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Acetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Cawv - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Cawv - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90cp wb | |
| Cawv - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Cawv - ethyl (grain) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Cawv - ethyl (grain) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Cawv - methyl (ntoo) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Cawv - methyl (ntoo) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Cawv - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Cawv - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Aluminium sulfate - 36% tov | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| Ammonia | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| aniline ua | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| aniline ua | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| Tsis siv neeg crankcase roj | 0 | -17.8 | 1295 - max | 6M-max |
| SAE 10 W. | ||||
| Tsis siv neeg crankcase roj | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10 W. | ||||
| Tsis siv neeg crankcase roj | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20 W. | ||||
| Tsis siv neeg crankcase roj | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| SAAB 20 | ||||
| Tsis siv neeg crankcase roj | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| SAAB 30 | ||||
| Tsis siv neeg crankcase roj | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| SAAB 40 | ||||
| Tsis siv neeg crankcase roj | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| SAAB 50 | ||||
| Automotive iav roj | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75 W. | ||||
| Automotive iav roj | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80 W. | ||||
| Automotive iav roj | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85 W. | ||||
| Automotive iav roj | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90 W. | ||||
| Automotive iav roj | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| SAAB 140 | ||||
| Automotive iav roj | 210 | 98.9 | 43 - feeb | 200 min |
| TIAB SA 150 | ||||
| npias | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| Pob txha roj | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| Pob txha roj | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| Bromine | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| Butyric acid n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| Butyric acid n | 32 | 0 | 2.3cp wb | |
| Calcium Chloride 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| Calcium Chloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| Carbolic acid (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| Carbolic acid (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26cp wb | |
| Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Cov pa roj carbon disulfide CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Cov pa roj carbon disulfide CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| Cov roj taum Castor | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| Cov roj taum Castor | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| Tuam Tshoj ntoo roj | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| Tuam Tshoj ntoo roj | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| Chloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| Chloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Txiv maj phaub roj | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Txiv maj phaub roj | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| Cod roj (ntse roj) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| Cod roj (ntse roj) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Cov roj pob kws | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Cov roj pob kws | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Pob kws starch tov | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Baum | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Pob kws starch tov | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Baum | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Pob kws starch tov | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Baum | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| Paj rwb noob roj | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| Paj rwb noob roj | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| Crude yog'i 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| Crude yog'i 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| Crude yog'i 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| Crude yog'i 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| Crude yog'i 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Crude yog'i 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| Crude yog'i 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| Crude yog'i 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| Diethyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| Diethyl ether hmoov | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| Diesel roj 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| Diesel roj 20 | 130 | 54.4 | 1.-3.97 | -39 |
| Diesel roj 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| Diesel roj 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| Diesel roj 40 | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 max | 140 max |
| Diesel roj 40 | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 max | 70 max |
| Diesel roj 60 | 122 | 50 | 86.6 max | 400 max |
| Diesel roj 60 | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 max | 165 max |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| Ethyl bromide C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Ethylene bromide hmoov | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Ethylene chloride | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| Ethylene glycol hmoov | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Formic acid 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| Formic acid 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Formic acid 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid concentrated | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid concentrated | 77 | 25 | 1.57cp ua | |
| Freon - 11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon - 12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon - 21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49cp ua | |
| Roj roj 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| Roj roj 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| Roj roj 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| Roj roj 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| Roj roj 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| Roj roj 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| Roj roj 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| Roj roj 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| Roj roj 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| Roj roj 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| Roj roj 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| Roj roj 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| Roj roj | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| Roj roj | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| Roj av a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| Roj av a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| Roj av b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| Roj av b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| Roj av c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| Roj av c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| Glycerin 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| Glycerin 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| Glycerin 50% dej | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| Glycerin 50% dej | 140 | 60 | 1.85cp wb | |
| piam thaj | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| piam thaj | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptanes-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptanes-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Hexane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Hexane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| Zib ntab | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| Ink, tshuab luam ntawv | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| Ink, tshuab luam ntawv | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| Insulating roj | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 max | 115 max |
| Insulating roj | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 max | 65 max |
| kerosene | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Dav Hlau Roj | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Nqaij npuas kib | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Nqaij npuas kib | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Zaub roj | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Zaub roj | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Linseed roj | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Linseed roj | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Mercury | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Mercury | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| Methyl acetate | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| Methyl acetate | 104 | 40 | 0.32cp wb | |
| Methyl iodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Methyl iodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42cp wb | |
| Menhaden yog ' | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| Menhaden yog ' | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Mis | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Molasses A, ua ntej | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| Molasses A, ua ntej | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, ob | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, ob | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, kab dub | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, kab dub | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| Naphthalene | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| Naphthalene | 212 | 100 | 0.78cp wb | |
| Neatstool yog ' | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| Neatstool yog ' | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Nitrobenzene | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| Tsis-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| Tsis-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Octane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Octane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| Txiv roj roj | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| Txiv roj roj | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| Xibtes roj | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| Xibtes roj | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Txiv laum huab xeeb roj | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Txiv laum huab xeeb roj | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| Pentane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| Pentane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| petrolatum | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| petrolatum | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Petroleum ether | 60 | 15.6 | 31 (yog) | 1.1 |
| Propionic acid | 32 | 0 | 1.52cp wb | 31.5 |
| Propionic acid | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| Cov tshuaj propylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| Quenching roj | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Cov roj ceev ceev | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Cov roj ceev ceev | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| Rosin yog ' | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| Rosin yog ' | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Rosin (zeeg) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Rosin (zeeg) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Noob hnav noob roj | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Noob hnav noob roj | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| 5% sodium chloride | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| 25% sodium chloride | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| Soya taum roj | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| Soya taum roj | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| phev roj | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| phev roj | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| Sulfuric acid 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| Sulfuric acid 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2cp wb | |
| Sulfuric acid 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| Sulfuric acid 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| Sulfuric acid 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| Sulfuric acid 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tar, coke qhov cub | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tar, coke qhov cub | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Tar, gas tsev | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Tar, gas tsev | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Tar, pib | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Tar, pib | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38cp wb | |
| Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
| Vaub kib | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| Vaub kib | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Varnish, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Varnish, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Dej, distilled | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Dej, tshiab | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Dej, tshiab | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Dej, hiav txwv | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| Whale roj | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| Whale roj | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623cp wb |
