Tha slaodachd lionn mar thomhas air a an aghaidh sruth.
Is e seilbh den lionn a tha a’ dearbhadh na tha de fheachd a dhìth airson a ghluasad. Mar as àirde an slaodachd, is ann as motha a dh’ fheumar an lionn a ghluasad.
Tha an teòthachd aige a’ toirt buaidh air slaodachd lionn. Mar as blàithe a bhios an lionn, is ann as ìsle a bhios e slaodachd. Mar as fhuaire an lionn, is ann as àirde a tha e slaodachd.
Tha slaodachd lionn cuideachd a’ toirt buaidh air a chuideam. Mar as àirde an cuideam, is ann as àirde an slaodachd a bhios an lionn.
Faodar slaodachd lionn a thomhas le viscometer. Is e inneal a th’ ann an viscometer a bhios a’ tomhas an aghaidh lionn ri sruthadh. Tha slaodachd lionn na sheilbh chudromach ann an iomadh tagradh. Mar eisimpleir, faodar slaodachd lionn a chleachdadh dèan cinnteach dè an ìre de fhorsa a tha a dhìth gus a ghluasad tro phìob.
Is e slaodachd ann am fiosaig aon de na feartan de chùis far a bheil gluasad mholacilean a thaobh moileciuilean mun cuairt a’ tighinn tarsainn, mar thoradh air feachdan eadar-mholacileach, feachd seasmhach: ann an solidan tha e nas àirde, ach as ìsle ann an lioftaichean is gasaichean. Ma bhogadh sinn buidheann cèin anns an lionn air a bheilear a’ beachdachadh, thig e tarsainn air strì aig a bheil neart ag atharrachadh a rèir ìre slaodachd an t-sruthain.
Mar eisimpleir, tha slaodachd nas àirde aig molasses na uisge oir tha e nas seasmhaiche ri sruthadh.
Tha mòran dhòighean ann a dh’ fhaodar a chleachdadh gus slaodachd lionn a thomhas, is e an dòigh as fhasa agus as sìmplidh cearcall de thrast-thomhas sònraichte a leigeil a-steach do shoitheach follaiseach anns a bheil an lionn a tha an slaodachd a’ feuchainn ri faighinn a-mach.
ATTENTION: Canar fluidity ri chèile slaodachd, tomhas de rèidh.
Tha slaodachd na fheart cudromach ann a bhith a’ dearbhadh na feachdan a dh’ fheumar faighinn seachad air nuair a bhios lioftaichean gan cleachdadh airson lubrication agus gan giùlan ann am pìoban. Mar sin bidh e cudromach dhuinn a bhith fostand dè an seòrsa fluid a th’ ann BesaBidh bhalbhaichean ® ag obair leis, leis gu bheil an suathadh eadar ballachan pìoba agus an lionn a tha a’ sruthadh troimhe a’ toirt buaidh air coileanadh sgaoilidh na bhalbhaichean.
Bidh e a 'cumail smachd air sruthadh fluid a-steach processes leithid spraeadh, cumadh stealladh agus còmhdach uachdar.
Viscosity dinamic
Beachdaichidh sinn air dà itealan, air an sgaradh le lionn (teòthachd fo smachd) agus co-shìnte ri each eile, aon stadach agus am fear eile fo smachd feachd a bhios ga phutadh / ga tharraing co-shìnte ris an itealan eile.
A rèir an t-sruth a bhios sinn a’ cleachdadh airson an dà phlèana a sgaradh, agus an-còmhnaidh a’ cleachdadh an aon fheachd gus aon den dà phlèana a ghluasad, gheibh sinn a-mach gu bheil astar an itealain ag atharrachadh a rèir an lionn a thagh sinn.
San fharsaingeachd tha againn:
A (m^2) = farsaingeachd nam plèanaichean co-shìnte
y (m) = astar eadar an dà phlèana
F (N) = feachd air a chuir air an itealan gluasadach
u (m/s^2) = luaths an itealain gluasadach
τ = feachd tangential
Bidh an fheachd tangential ann an co-rèireach ris an astar eadar an dà phlèana agus ann an co-rèir dìreach ris an astar.
Tha toirt a-steach an teirm velocity a’ dèanamh rudan iom-fhillte, oir is ann dìreach gu teòiridheach a tha an eadar-dhealachadh ann an sreathach astar.
Aonadan tomhais
Anns an t-siostam eadar-nàiseanta tha slaodachd air a thomhas ann an pascals (Pa s) a tha co-ionann ri poiseuille (PI), uaireannan airson olan lubaidh tha an siostam CGS air a chleachdadh cuideachd, ie ceudipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
Slaodachd cinematic: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| Liquid | Teòthachd (ºF) | Teòthachd (ºC) | Vineosity Kinematic CentiStokes (cSt) | Vineosity Kinematic Seconds Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| Acetaldehyde CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| Acetic acid - fìon-geur - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| Acetic acid - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| Acetic acid - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| Acetic acid - eigh-shruth dlùth | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| Acetic acid anhydride (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Acetone CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Deoch-làidir - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Deoch-làidir - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 tsp | |
| Deoch-làidir - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Deoch-làidir - ethyl (gràn) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Deoch-làidir - ethyl (gràn) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Deoch-làidir - methyl (fiodh) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Deoch-làidir - methyl (fiodh) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Deoch-làidir - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Deoch-làidir - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Aluminium sulfate - fuasgladh 36%. | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| Ammonia | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| aniline | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| aniline | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| Asphalt RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| Ola crankcase fèin-ghluasadach | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-char as àirde | 6M - aig a’ char as àirde |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Ola crankcase fèin-ghluasadach | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Ola crankcase fèin-ghluasadach | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20W | ||||
| Ola crankcase fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| SAE 20 | ||||
| Ola crankcase fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| SAE 30 | ||||
| Ola crankcase fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| SAE 40 | ||||
| Ola crankcase fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| SAE 50 | ||||
| Ola gèar fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75W | ||||
| Ola gèar fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80W | ||||
| Ola gèar fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85W | ||||
| Ola gèar fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90W | ||||
| Ola gèar fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| SAE 140 | ||||
| Ola gèar fèin-ghluasadach | 210 | 98.9 | 43 - min | 200 min |
| SAE150 | ||||
| Beer | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| Benzene (Beinsol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| Benzene (Beinsol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| Ola cnàimh | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| Ola cnàimh | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| Bromine | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Bùtan-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Bùtan-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| Aigéad Butyric n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| Aigéad Butyric n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 tsp | |
| Clorid cailcium 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| Clorid cailcium 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| searbhag carbolic (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| searbhag carbolic (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 tsp | |
| Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Carbon disulfide CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Carbon disulfide CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| Ola castor | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| Ola castor | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| Ola fiodha Sìona | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| Ola fiodha Sìona | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| Cloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| Cloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Ola cnògaid | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Ola cnògaid | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| Ola trosg (ola èisg) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| Ola trosg (ola èisg) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Ola arbhair | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Ola arbhair | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Fuasgladh stalc arbhair | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Fuasgladh stalc arbhair | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Fuasgladh stalc arbhair | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| Ola sìol cotan | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| Ola sìol cotan | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| Ola amh 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| Ola amh 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| Ola amh 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| Ola amh 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| Ola amh 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Ola amh 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| Ola amh 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| Ola amh 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Deasgain-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Deasgain-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| Dietyl glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| Eitear Diethyl | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| Connadh diesel 20 | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| Connadh diesel 20 | 130 | 54.4 | 1.-3.97 | -39 |
| Connadh diesel 30 | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| Connadh diesel 30 | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| Connadh diesel 40 | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 max | 140 max |
| Connadh diesel 40 | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 max | 70 max |
| Connadh diesel 60 | 122 | 50 | 86.6 max | 400 max |
| Connadh diesel 60 | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 max | 165 max |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| Bromide ethyl C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Bromide ethylene | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Ethylene chloride | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| Ethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| acid acid 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| acid acid 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| acid acid 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid dùmhlachd | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Formic acid dùmhlachd | 77 | 25 | 1.57cp | |
| Freon - 11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon - 12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon - 21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49cp | |
| Ola connaidh 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| Ola connaidh 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| Ola connaidh 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| Ola connaidh 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| Ola connaidh 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| Ola connaidh 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| Ola connaidh 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| Ola connaidh 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| Ola connaidh 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| Ola connaidh 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| Ola connaidh 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| Ola connaidh 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| Ola gas | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| Ola gas | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| Gasoline a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| Gasoline a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| Gasoline b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| Gasoline b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| Gasoline c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| Gasoline c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| Gliosarain 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| Gliosarain 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| Glicerin 50% uisge | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| Glicerin 50% uisge | 140 | 60 | 1.85 tsp | |
| Glucose | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| Glucose | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptan - n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptan - n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Hexane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Hexane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| Honey | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| Ink, clò-bhualadairean | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| Ink, clò-bhualadairean | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| Ola insulation | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 max | 115 max |
| Ola insulation | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 max | 65 max |
| Player One | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Connadh Jet | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Lard | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Lard | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Ola lard | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Ola lard | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Ola fhrois | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Ola fhrois | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Mearcair | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Mearcair | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| Methyl acetate | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| Methyl acetate | 104 | 40 | 0.32 tsp | |
| Methyl iodide | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Methyl iodide | 104 | 40 | 0.42 tsp | |
| Ola Menhaden | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| Ola Menhaden | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Bainne | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Molasses A, an toiseach | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| Molasses A, an toiseach | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, dàrna | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, dàrna | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, stiall-dubh | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, stiall-dubh | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| Naphthalene | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| Naphthalene | 212 | 100 | 0.78 tsp | |
| Neatstool ola | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| Neatstool ola | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Nitrobenzene | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| Neona-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| Neona-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Ochdainn-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Ochdainn-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| Ola-chroinn-ola | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| Ola-chroinn-ola | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| Ola palms | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| Ola palms | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Ola fiadhaich | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Ola fiadhaich | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| Pentan-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| Pentan-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| peatrail | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| peatrail | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Eitear peatrail | 60 | 15.6 | 31(es) | 1.1 |
| Propionic acid | 32 | 0 | 1.52 tsp | 31.5 |
| Propionic acid | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| propylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| A 'crathadh ola | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Ola ròsta | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Ola ròsta | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| Ola rosin | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| Ola rosin | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Rosain (coille) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Rosain (coille) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Ola sìol sesame | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Ola sìol sesame | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| sodium chloride 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| sodium chloride 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Sòidiam hydroxide (soda caustic) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Sòidiam hydroxide (soda caustic) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Sòidiam hydroxide (soda caustic) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| Ola bean soya | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| Ola bean soya | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| Ola sperm | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| Ola sperm | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| Acad sulfuric 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| Acad sulfuric 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 tsp | |
| Acad sulfuric 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| Acad sulfuric 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| Acad sulfuric 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| Acad sulfuric 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tarra, àmhainn còc | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tarra, àmhainn còc | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Tarra, taigh gas | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Tarra, taigh gas | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Tarra, giuthas | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Tarra, giuthas | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 tsp | |
| Triethylene glycol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| Triethylene glycol | 185-205 | |||
| Turpentine | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| Turpentine | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Varnish, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Varnish, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Uisge, grùdaireachd | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Uisge, ùr | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Uisge, ùr | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Uisge, muir | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| Ola mhuc-mhara | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| Ola mhuc-mhara | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xilene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xilene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 tsp |
