Viskositas cairan minangka ukuran saka sawijining resistance kanggo aliran.
Iki minangka properti saka cairan sing nemtokake jumlah gaya sing dibutuhake kanggo mindhah. Sing luwih dhuwur viskositas, luwih akeh pasukan sing dibutuhake kanggo mindhah cairan kasebut.
Viskositas cairan dipengaruhi dening suhu. Sing luwih anget cairan kasebut, luwih murah viskositase. Sing luwih adhem cairan kasebut, luwih dhuwur viskositase.
Viskositas cairan uga kena pengaruh tekanan kasebut. Sing luwih dhuwur tekanan, luwih dhuwur viskositas cairan kasebut.
Viskositas cairan bisa diukur nganggo viscometer. Viscometer minangka piranti sing ngukur resistensi cairan kanggo mili. Viskositas cairan minangka sifat penting ing pirang-pirang aplikasi. Contone, viskositas cairan bisa digunakake kanggo nemtokake jumlah pasukan sing dibutuhake kanggo mindhah liwat pipa.
Viskositas ing fisika minangka salah sawijining sifat materi sing gerakan molekul ing saubengé ketemu, amarga gaya antarmolekul, gaya tahan: ing barang padhet iku paling dhuwur, nanging paling murah ing cairan lan gas. Yen kita kacemplungaken awak manca ing adi ing wawasan, iku bakal nemokke resistance kang kekuatan beda-beda gumantung ing tingkat adi kang viskositas.
Molase, contone, nduweni viskositas sing luwih dhuwur tinimbang banyu amarga luwih tahan kanggo mili.
Ana akeh cara sing bisa digunakake kanggo ngukur viskositas cairan, sing paling gampang lan paling gampang yaiku nyelehake bal kanthi diameter tartamtu menyang wadhah transparan sing ngemot cairan sing viskositas nyoba ditemtokake.
Kawigatosan: timbal balik viskositas diarani fluiditas, ukuran kelancaran.
Viskositas minangka faktor penting kanggo nemtokake pasukan sing kudu diatasi nalika cairan digunakake kanggo pelumasan lan diangkut ing pipa. Mulane bakal penting kanggo kita ing ngisorstand jinis cairan apa Besa® katup bakal bisa digunakake, amarga gesekan ing antarane tembok pipa lan cairan sing mili mengaruhi kinerja discharge katup.
Iku ngontrol aliran fluida ing processes kayata uyuh, ngecor injeksi lan nutupi lumahing.
Viskositas dinamis
Ayo kita nimbang rong bidang, dipisahake dening cairan (suhu sing dikontrol) lan sejajar karo each liyane, siji stasioner lan liyane ngalami pasukan sing nyurung / narik iku podo karo kanggo bidang liyane.
Gumantung ing cairan sing digunakake kanggo misahake rong bidang, lan tansah nggunakake gaya sing padha kanggo mindhah salah siji saka rong bidang, kita bakal nemokake yen kecepatan pesawat beda-beda gumantung saka cairan sing wis dipilih.
Generalizing kita duwe:
A (m^2) = luas bidang sejajar
y (m) = jarak antarane rong bidang
F (N) = gaya sing ditrapake kanggo bidang obah
u (m/s^2) = kacepetan bidang obah
τ = gaya tangensial
Gaya tangensial bakal sebanding karo jarak antarane rong bidang lan sebanding karo kacepetan.
Ngenalke istilah kecepatan nggawe rumit, amarga mung sacara teoritis yaiku variasi kecepatan linear.
Unit ukuran
Ing sistem internasional viskositas diukur ing pascals (Pa s) sing padha karo poiseuille (PI), kadhangkala kanggo lenga pelumas uga digunakake sistem CGS, yaiku centipoise (cP)
1 Pa s = 1 PI
1 cP = 1 mPI
Viskositas kinematik: 1 cSt (centiStokes) = 10-6 m2/s
| Liquid | Suhu (ºF) | Suhu (ºC) | Viskositas kinematik CentiStokes (cSt) | Viskositas kinematik Seconds Saybolt Universal (SSU) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asetaldehida CH3CHO | 61 | 16.1 | 0.305 | 36 |
| Asetaldehida CH3CHO | 68 | 20 | 0.295 | |
| Asam asetat - cuka - 10% CH3COOH | 59 | 15 | 1.35 | 31.7 |
| Asam asetat - 50% | 59 | 15 | 2.27 | 33 |
| Asam asetat - 80% | 59 | 15 | 2.85 | 35 |
| Asam asetat - glasial pekat | 59 | 15 | 1.34 | 31.7 |
| Asam asetat anhidrida (CH3COO)2O | 59 | 15 | 0.88 | |
| Aseton CH3COCH3 | 68 | 20 | 0.41 | |
| Alkohol - allyl | 68 | 20 | 1.60 | 31.8 |
| Alkohol - allyl | 104 | 40 | 0.90 pc | |
| Alkohol - butyl-n | 68 | 20 | 3.64 | 38 |
| Alkohol - etil (gandum) C2H5OH | 68 | 20 | 1.52 | 31.7 |
| Alkohol - etil (gandum) C2H5OH | 100 | 37.8 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Alkohol - metil (kayu) CH3OH | 59 | 15 | 0.74 | |
| Alkohol - metil (kayu) CH3OH | 32 | 0 | 1.04 | |
| Alkohol - propyl | 68 | 20 | 2.8 | 35 |
| Alkohol - propyl | 122 | 50 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Aluminium sulfat - 36% solusi | 68 | 20 | 1.41 | 31.7 |
| Ammonia | 0 | -17.8 | 0.30 | |
| aniline | 68 | 20 | 4.37 | 40 |
| aniline | 50 | 10 | 6.4 | 46.4 |
| Aspal RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 77 | 25 | 159-324 | 737-1.5M |
| Aspal RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 | 100 | 37.8 | 60-108 | 280-500 |
| Oli crankcase otomatis | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-maks | 6M-maks |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Oli crankcase otomatis | 0 | -17.8 | 1295-2590 | 6M-12M |
| SAE 10W | ||||
| Oli crankcase otomatis | 0 | -17.8 | 2590-10350 | 12M-48M |
| SAE 20W | ||||
| Oli crankcase otomatis | 210 | 98.9 | 5.7-9.6 | 45-58 |
| SAE 20 | ||||
| Oli crankcase otomatis | 210 | 98.9 | 9.6-12.9 | 58-70 |
| SAE 30 | ||||
| Oli crankcase otomatis | 210 | 98.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 70-85 |
| SAE 40 | ||||
| Oli crankcase otomatis | 210 | 98.9 | 16.8-22.7 | 85-110 |
| SAE 50 | ||||
| Oli gear otomotif | 210 | 98.9 | 4.2 min | 40 min |
| SAE 75W | ||||
| Oli gear otomotif | 210 | 98.9 | 7.0 min | 49 min |
| SAE 80W | ||||
| Oli gear otomotif | 210 | 98.9 | 11.0 min | 63 min |
| SAE 85W | ||||
| Oli gear otomotif | 210 | 98.9 | 14-25 | 74-120 |
| SAE 90W | ||||
| Oli gear otomotif | 210 | 98.9 | 25-43 | 120-200 |
| SAE 140 | ||||
| Oli gear otomotif | 210 | 98.9 | 43 min | 200 min |
| SAE 150 | ||||
| Beer | 68 | 20 | 1.8 | 32 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 32 | 0 | 1.0 | 31 |
| Benzene (Benzol) C6H6 | 68 | 20 | 0.74 | |
| lenga balung | 130 | 54.4 | 47.5 | 220 |
| lenga balung | 212 | 100 | 11.6 | 65 |
| Bromine | 68 | 20 | 0.34 | |
| Butane-n | -50 | -1.1 | 0.52 | |
| Butane-n | 30 | 0.35 | ||
| Asam butirat n | 68 | 20 | 1.61 | 31.6 |
| Asam butirat n | 32 | 0 | 2.3 pc | |
| Kalsium klorida 5% | 65 | 18.3 | 1156 | |
| Kalsium klorida 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 4.0 | 39 |
| Asam karbol (phenol) | 65 | 18.3 | 11.83 | 65 |
| Asam karbol (phenol) | 194 | 90 | 1.26 pc | |
| Karbon tetraklorida CCl4 | 68 | 20 | 0.612 | |
| Karbon tetraklorida CCl4 | 100 | 37.8 | 0.53 | |
| Karbon disulfida CS2 | 32 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Karbon disulfida CS2 | 68 | 20 | 0.298 | |
| Minyak Castor | 100 | 37.8 | 259-325 | 1200-1500 |
| Minyak Castor | 130 | 54.4 | 98-130 | 450-600 |
| lenga kayu Cina | 69 | 20.6 | 308.5 | 1425 |
| lenga kayu Cina | 100 | 37.8 | 125.5 | 580 |
| Kloroform | 68 | 20 | 0.38 | |
| Kloroform | 140 | 60 | 0.35 | |
| Lenga klapa | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8-31.6 | 140-148 |
| Lenga klapa | 130 | 54.4 | 14.7-15.7 | 76-80 |
| Minyak iwak (cod oil) | 100 | 37.8 | 32.1 | 150 |
| Minyak iwak (cod oil) | 130 | 54.4 | 19.4 | 95 |
| Minyak jagung | 130 | 54.4 | 28.7 | 135 |
| Minyak jagung | 212 | 100 | 8.6 | 54 |
| Solusi pati jagung | 70 | 21.1 | 32.1 | 150 |
| 22 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Solusi pati jagung | 70 | 21.1 | 129.8 | 600 |
| 24 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 95.2 | 440 |
| Solusi pati jagung | 70 | 21.1 | 303 | 1400 |
| 25 Baume | 100 | 37.8 | 173.2 | 800 |
| Minyak wiji kapas | 100 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 176 |
| Minyak wiji kapas | 130 | 54.4 | 20.6 | 100 |
| Minyak mentah 48º API | 60 | 15.6 | 3.8 | 39 |
| Minyak mentah 48º API | 130 | 54.4 | 1.6 | 31.8 |
| Minyak mentah 40º API | 60 | 15.6 | 9.7 | 55.7 |
| Minyak mentah 40º API | 130 | 54.4 | 3.5 | 38 |
| Minyak mentah 35.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Minyak mentah 35.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 4.9 | 42.3 |
| Minyak mentah 32.6º API | 60 | 15.6 | 23.2 | 110 |
| Minyak mentah 32.6º API | 130 | 54.4 | 7.1 | 46.8 |
| Decane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 2.36 | 34 |
| Decane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 1001 | 31 |
| Dietil glikol | 70 | 21.1 | 32 | 149.7 |
| Diethyl eter | 68 | 20 | 0.32 | |
| 20. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 100 | 37.8 | 44714 | 32.6-45.5 |
| 20. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 130 | 54.4 | 1-3.97 April XNUMX | -39 |
| 30. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 100 | 37.8 | 6-11.75 | 45.5-65 |
| 30. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 130 | 54.4 | 3.97-6.78 | 39-48 |
| 40. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 max | 140 max |
| 40. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 130 | 54.4 | 13.1 max | 70 max |
| 60. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 122 | 50 | 86.6 max | 400 max |
| 60. Bahan Bakar Diesel | 160 | 71.1 | 35.2 max | 165 max |
| Etil asetat CH3COOC2H3 | 59 | 15 | 0.4 | |
| Etil asetat CH3COOC2H3 | 68 | 20 | 0.49 | |
| Etil bromida C2H5Br | 68 | 20 | 0.27 | |
| Etilena bromida | 68 | 20 | 0.787 | |
| Etilena klorida | 68 | 20 | 0.668 | |
| Ethylene glikol | 70 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 88.4 |
| Asam format 10% | 68 | 20 | 1.04 | 31 |
| Asam format 50% | 68 | 20 | 1.2 | 31.5 |
| Asam format 80% | 68 | 20 | 1.4 | 31.7 |
| Asam format klempakan | 68 | 20 | 1.48 | 31.7 |
| Asam format klempakan | 77 | 25 | 1.57 cp | |
| Freon - 11 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.21 | |
| Freon - 12 | 70 | 21.1 | 0.27 | |
| Freon - 21 | 70 | 21.1 | 1.45 | |
| furaldehyde | 68 | 20 | 1.45 | 31.7 |
| furaldehyde | 77 | 25 | 1.49 cp | |
| Bahan bakar 1 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.39-4.28 | 34-40 |
| Bahan bakar 1 | 100 | 37.8 | -2.69 | 32-35 |
| Bahan bakar 2 | 70 | 21.1 | 3.0-7.4 | 36-50 |
| Bahan bakar 2 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.11-4.28 | 33-40 |
| Bahan bakar 3 | 70 | 21.1 | 2.69-5.84 | 35-45 |
| Bahan bakar 3 | 100 | 37.8 | 2.06-3.97 | 32.8-39 |
| Bahan bakar 5A | 70 | 21.1 | 7.4-26.4 | 50-125 |
| Bahan bakar 5A | 100 | 37.8 | 4.91-13.7 | 42-72 |
| Bahan bakar 5B | 70 | 21.1 | 26.4- | 125- |
| Bahan bakar 5B | 100 | 37.8 | 13.6-67.1 | 72-310 |
| Bahan bakar 6 | 122 | 50 | 97.4-660 | 450-3M |
| Bahan bakar 6 | 160 | 71.1 | 37.5-172 | 175-780 |
| lenga gas | 70 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 73 |
| lenga gas | 100 | 37.8 | 7.4 | 50 |
| Bensin a | 60 | 15.6 | 0.88 | |
| Bensin a | 100 | 37.8 | 0.71 | |
| Bensin b | 60 | 15.6 | 0.64 | |
| Bensin b | 100 | 37.8 | ||
| Bensin c | 60 | 15.6 | 0.46 | |
| Bensin c | 100 | 37.8 | 0.40 | |
| Gliserin 100% | 68.6 | 20.3 | 648 | 2950 |
| Gliserin 100% | 100 | 37.8 | 176 | 813 |
| Gliserin 50% banyu | 68 | 20 | 5.29 | 43 |
| Gliserin 50% banyu | 140 | 60 | 1.85 pc | |
| Glukosa | 100 | 37.8 | 7.7M-22M | 35M-100M |
| Glukosa | 150 | 65.6 | 880-2420 | 4M-11M |
| Heptana-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.928 | |
| Heptana-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.511 | |
| Heksana-n | 0 | -17.8 | 0.683 | |
| Heksana-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.401 | |
| madu | 100 | 37.8 | 73.6 | 349 |
| Tinta, printer | 100 | 37.8 | 550-2200 | 2500-10M |
| Tinta, printer | 130 | 54.4 | 238-660 | 1100-3M |
| Minyak insulasi | 70 | 21.1 | 24.1 max | 115 max |
| Minyak insulasi | 100 | 37.8 | 11.75 max | 65 max |
| Kerosene | 68 | 20 | 2.71 | 35 |
| Bahan bakar Jet | -30. | -34.4 | 7.9 | 52 |
| Lard | 100 | 37.8 | 62.1 | 287 |
| Lard | 130 | 54.4 | 34.3 | 160 |
| Lenga lenga | 100 | 37.8 | 41-47.5 | 190-220 |
| Lenga lenga | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4-27.1 | 112-128 |
| Minyak linseed | 100 | 37.8 | 30.5 | 143 |
| Minyak linseed | 130 | 54.4 | 18.94 | 93 |
| Mercury | 70 | 21.1 | 0.118 | |
| Mercury | 100 | 37.8 | 0.11 | |
| Metil asetat | 68 | 20 | 0.44 | |
| Metil asetat | 104 | 40 | 0.32 pc | |
| Metil iodida | 68 | 20 | 0.213 | |
| Metil iodida | 104 | 40 | 0.42 pc | |
| lenga Menhaden | 100 | 37.8 | 29.8 | 140 |
| lenga Menhaden | 130 | 54.4 | 18.2 | 90 |
| Susu | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Molasses A, pisanan | 100 | 37.8 | 281-5070 | 1300-23500 |
| Molasses A, pisanan | 130 | 54.4 | 151-1760 | 700-8160 |
| B, kapindho | 100 | 37.8 | 1410-13.2M | 6535-61180 |
| B, kapindho | 130 | 54.4 | 660-3.3M | 3058-15294 |
| C, pita hitam | 100 | 37.8 | 2630-55M | 12190-255M |
| C, pita hitam | 130 | 54.4 | 1320-16.5M | 6120-76.5M |
| Naftali | 176 | 80 | 0.9 | |
| Naftali | 212 | 100 | 0.78 pc | |
| Minyak neatstool | 100 | 37.8 | 49.7 | 230 |
| Minyak neatstool | 130 | 54.4 | 27.5 | 130 |
| Nitrobenzena | 68 | 20 | 1.67 | 31.8 |
| Nonane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1728 | 32 |
| Nonane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.807 | |
| Octane-n | 0 | -17.8 | 1266 | 31.7 |
| Octane-n | 100 | 37.8 | 0.645 | |
| Lenga zaitun | 100 | 37.8 | 43.2 | 200 |
| Lenga zaitun | 130 | 54.4 | 24.1 | |
| Minyak sawit | 100 | 37.8 | 47.8 | |
| Minyak sawit | 130 | 54.4 | 26.4 | |
| Kacang kacang | 100 | 37.8 | 42 | 200 |
| Kacang kacang | 130 | 54.4 | 23.4 | |
| Pentane-n | 0 | 17.8 | 0.508 | |
| Pentane-n | 80 | 26.7 | 0.342 | |
| petrolatum | 130 | 54.4 | 20.5 | 100 |
| petrolatum | 160 | 71.1 | 15 | 77 |
| Petroleum eter | 60 | 15.6 | 31 (ing) | 1.1 |
| Asam propionat | 32 | 0 | 1.52 pc | 31.5 |
| Asam propionat | 68 | 20 | 1.13 | |
| Propilena glikol | 70 | 21.1 | 52 | 241 |
| Quenching lenga | 100-120 | 20.5-25 | ||
| Lenga Rapeseed | 100 | 37.8 | 54.1 | 250 |
| Lenga Rapeseed | 130 | 54.4 | 31 | 145 |
| lenga rosin | 100 | 37.8 | 324.7 | 1500 |
| lenga rosin | 130 | 54.4 | 129.9 | 600 |
| Rosin (kayu) | 100 | 37.8 | 216-11M | 1M-50M |
| Rosin (kayu) | 200 | 93.3 | 108-4400 | 500-20M |
| Minyak wijen wijen | 100 | 37.8 | 39.6 | 184 |
| Minyak wijen wijen | 130 | 54.4 | 23 | 110 |
| Natrium klorida 5% | 68 | 20 | 1097 | 31.1 |
| Natrium klorida 25% | 60 | 15.6 | 2.4 | 34 |
| Natrium hidroksida (soda kaustik) 20% | 65 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 39.4 |
| Natrium hidroksida (soda kaustik) 30% | 65 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 58.1 |
| Natrium hidroksida (soda kaustik) 40% | 65 | 18.3 | ||
| Lenga kacang kedele | 100 | 37.8 | 35.4 | 165 |
| Lenga kacang kedele | 130 | 5.4 | 19.64 | 96 |
| lenga sperma | 100 | 37.5 | 21-23 | 110 |
| lenga sperma | 130 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 78 |
| Asam sulfat 100% | 68 | 20 | 14.56 | 76 |
| Asam sulfat 100% | 140 | 60 | 7.2 pc | |
| Asam sulfat 95% | 68 | 20 | 14.5 | 75 |
| Asam sulfat 60% | 68 | 20 | 4.4 | 41 |
| Asam sulfat 20% | 3M-8M | |||
| Asam sulfat 20% | 650-1400 | |||
| Tar, coke oven | 70 | 21.1 | 600-1760 | 15M-300M |
| Tar, coke oven | 100 | 37.8 | 141-308 | 2M-20M |
| Tar, omah gas | 70 | 21.1 | 3300-66M | 2500 |
| Tar, omah gas | 100 | 37.8 | 440-4400 | 500 |
| Tar, pinus | 100 | 37.8 | 559 | 200-300 |
| Tar, pinus | 132 | 55.6 | 108.2 | 55-60 |
| Toluene | 68 | 20 | 0.68 | 185.7 |
| Toluene | 140 | 60 | 0.38 pc | |
| Trietilen glikol | 70 | 21.1 | 40 | 400-440 |
| Trietilen glikol | 185-205 | |||
| Turpentine | 100 | 37.8 | 86.5-95.2 | 1425 |
| Turpentine | 130 | 54.4 | 39.9-44.3 | 650 |
| Varnish, spar | 68 | 20 | 313 | |
| Varnish, spar | 100 | 37.8 | 143 | |
| Banyu, sulingan | 68 | 20 | 10038 | 31 |
| Banyu, seger | 60 | 15.6 | 1.13 | 31.5 |
| Banyu, seger | 130 | 54.4 | 0.55 | |
| Banyu, segara | 1.15 | 31.5 | ||
| lenga paus | 100 | 37.8 | 35-39.6 | 163-184 |
| lenga paus | 130 | 54.4 | 19.9-23.4 | 97-112 |
| Xylene-o | 68 | 20 | 0.93 | |
| Xylene-o | 104 | 40 | 0.623 pc |
